| 1 |
water
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 3 |
butylene glycol
| Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 4 |
peg-40 hydrogenated caster oil
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 5 |
caprylic/capric triglyceride
| A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin |
| 6 |
1,2-hexanediol
| A preservative |
| 7 |
ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/vp copolymer
| Increases thickness of a product. Texture enhancer for oil-in-water emulsions |
| 8 |
cucumis sativus (cucumber) juice
| Cucumber juice. Might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin, but mostly works as plain water in skincare |
| 9 |
coenzyme a
| Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and dissolve other ingredients in a product |
| 10 |
palmitoyl tripeptide-1
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 11 |
palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 12 |
bupleurum falcatum root extract
| A plant extract that might help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin, but it is not well studied. It can be irritating |
| 13 |
caffeine
| Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes |
| 14 |
citric acid
| Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH |
| 15 |
ascorbic acid
| One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation |
| 16 |
rosa canina fruit oil
| A great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritating |
| 17 |
tocopherol
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
| 18 |
panthenol
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function |
| 19 |
trilaureth-4 phosphate
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 20 |
carbomer
| Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations |
| 21 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
| 22 |
sodium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the product's pH |
| 23 |
tocopheryl acetate
| A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients. |
| 24 |
propylene glycol
| Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin |
| 25 |
trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate
| Used to improve stability of the formulation |
| 26 |
saccharide isomerate
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 27 |
peg-8
| Used to create a nice product consistency |
| 28 |
sodium citrate
| Helps to control the skin's pH level. Maintains the skin's natural film of amino-lactic acids and oils. Helps to preserve products |
| 29 |
polysorbate 20
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 30 |
biotin
| Might have some moisturising properties. Is not effective when applied topically beyond some moisturizing effect |
| 31 |
sodium benzoate
| A preservative |
| 32 |
phosphoric acid
| Helps regulate pH level of products |
| 33 |
potassium sorbate
| A preservative |
| 34 |
sodium lactate
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product |
| 35 |
sodium sulfite
| Helps stabilize and preserve a product formulation |
