This product contains aspartic acid, serine, threonine. These ingredients might be able to help reduce and prevent fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity and firmness, but there is not enough evidence that it actually works.

Ingredient	Effectiveness	Concentration	Irritancy
aspartic acid	MEDIUM
serine	MEDIUM
threonine	MEDIUM

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What does the product description say?

"Key Benefits Boosts hydration for stronger, healthier skinSupports skin’s barrier, elasticity and osmotic balanceAids skin repairFree from alcohol, oil, gluten and siliconeCruelty-free and suitable for vegansNon-greasy formula UK200029793"

SpaceNK EU

WIMJ summary

This product contains good ingredients to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. These ingredients are called "humectants": alanine, arginine pca.

When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. If the air is dry, humectants can speed up the moisture loss from the skin. This is why it is a good idea to use another product on top of this one to help "seal in" the moisture (look for ingredients like dimethicone, squalane, oils and butters).

The following ingredients in this product are especially good for supporting the skin barrier and helping with the hydration level: panthenol

Ingredient	Effectiveness	Concentration	Irritancy
threonine	HIGH
arginine pca	HIGH
aspartic acid	HIGH

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WIMJ summary

This product contains antioxidants (arginine pca) that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. By doing so, they can lessen the damage the skin gets from the UV light (sun).

Ingredient	Effectiveness	Concentration	Irritancy
arginine pca	HIGH

Potential irritants

IRRITANCY

LOW

Ingredient	Irritancy	Skin Benefit
sodium lactate
citric acid
trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate

Ingredients by volume

Ingredient	Estimated concentration
water Plain old water	40% - 60%
propanediol Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin	4.3% - 6.4%
betaine Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture	3.4% - 5.1%
sodium pca Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer	2.6% - 4%
panthenol Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function	2.1% - 3.1%
sodium lactate Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product	1.7% - 2.5%
arginine pca An amino-acid. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help neutralize free radicals in skin	1.4% - 2.1%
aspartic acid An amino-acid that helps increase skin hydration and might help to slightly improve skin firmness, potentially reducing lines and wrinkles	1.2% - 1.8%
glycine Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier function	1% - 1.5%
alanine An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lacking	0.6% - 1.4%
serine An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles	0.5% - 1.15%
threonine An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles	0.4% - 1%
valine	0.4% - 0.9%
proline	0.35% - 0.85%
isoleucine An amino acid that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function	0.3% - 0.75%
lysine hcl	0.2% - 0.7%
histidine	0.15% - 0.6%
phenylalanine	0.15% - 0.55%
glutamic acid An amino-acid that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin	0.1% - 0.4%
citric acid Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH	0.1% - 0.35%
dimethyl isosorbide Used to dissolve other ingredients in a product and can enhance their ability to penetrate the skin	0.1% - 0.3%
polysorbate 20 Helps oil and water mix together	0.05% - 0.3%
trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate Used to improve stability of the formulation	0.05% - 0.15%
1,2-hexanediol A preservative	0.05% - 0.15%
caprylyl glycol Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture	0.05% - 0.2%
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