Procoal

Procoal Peel & Glow Exfoliant

Name: Procoal - Peel & Glow Exfoliant
Brand: Procoal

Efficacy100/100IrritancyHigh

See all ingredients

Works for

Exfoliation

Glycolic acid, Lactic acid + 4 more

Works well

What the product description says

“Peel & Glow Exfoliant”

From product name

This product can help exfoliate the skin. In other words, it helps break down the bonds between dead cells on the surface of the skin and speed up the skin turnover. Skin often appears softer and brighter after exfoliation, but overdoing it can result in disrupted skin barrier. The following ingredient is doing the exfoliating job in this product: glycolic acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid.

Glycolic acidKey activeEffect: HighAn alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid~4.1–5%

Lactic acidKey activeEffect: HighAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiome)~3–3.7%

Salicylic acidKey activeEffect: HighUsed for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)~0.75–1.1%

Mandelic acidKey activeEffect: HighHelps shed the upper layer of dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. It has anti-bacterial properties, and might help to reduce blemishes, as well as fine lines and wrinkles. It is considered to be gentler than glycolic acid~0.55–0.85%

Lactobionic acidKey activeEffect: HighA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity~0.4–0.6%

GluconolactoneUnder-dosedA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals~0.6–0.9%

Anti-blemish

Salicylic acid, Glycolic acid + 3 more

Works well

What the product description says

“Powered by a medley of 7 exfoliating acids, Procoal Peel & Glow Exfoliant Peel gets to work in just 15 minutes to counter congested pores, smooth rough skin and reveal a radiant glow.”

Source: PROCOAL

This product can help reduce breakouts and clogged pores because it contains the following ingredient: salicylic acid. This ingredient is used for treating acne and can have a noticeable effect.

The following ingredient (ingredients) in this product might be helpful, but there is no evidence to confirm that it actually works: glycolic acid, lactobionic acid, mandelic acid

Salicylic acidHeroEffect: HighUsed for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)~0.75–1.1%

Glycolic acidKey activeEffect: MediumAn alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid~4.1–5%

Mandelic acidKey activeEffect: MediumHelps shed the upper layer of dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. It has anti-bacterial properties, and might help to reduce blemishes, as well as fine lines and wrinkles. It is considered to be gentler than glycolic acid~0.55–0.85%

Lactobionic acidKey activeEffect: MediumA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity~0.4–0.6%

Evens skin tone

Glycolic acid, Lactic acid + 4 more

Works well

What the product description says

“It is the perfect at-home skin peel to help reduce pigmentation, diminish acne scars, age spots, and improve overall skin texture.”

Source: PROCOAL

This product can help reduce hypepigmentation and even out the skin tone because it contains the following effective ingredients: glycolic acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid

Keep in mind that you would need to apply any topical skincare targetted at hypigmentation consistently for a couple of months to get a result. No topical skincare product can help get rid of hyperpigmentation (including post-acne marks and age spots) instantly.

Salicylic acidEffect: LowUsed for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)~0.75–1.1%

Anti-oxidation

Side benefit · Lactobionic acid, Citrus reticulata peel extract + 1 more

Works well

This product contains antioxidants (lactobionic acid) that can help neutralize free radicals in skin. By doing so, they can lessen the damage the skin gets from the UV light (sun).

Citrus reticulata peel extractEffect: LowA likely irritant. Might have some anti-oxidant activity, but is mostly used as a fragrance in cosmetic products~0.15–0.3%

Anti-aging

Side benefit · Glycolic acid, Lactic acid + 2 more

Works well

This product can help reduce and prevent fine lines and wrinkles, improve skin elasticity and firmness because it contains glycolic acid, lactobionic acid.

These ingredients in the product can also be helpful, even though there is less evidence for their effectiveness: lactic acid.

Keep in mind that it typically takes at least 6 weeks to notice any results because the changes that are needed to improve fine lines and elasticity happen in the deeper layers of the skin. No topical anti-aging product can “erase” wrinkles or fully reverse signs of aging.

Lactic acidKey activeEffect: MediumAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiome)~3–3.7%

Moisturizing

Side benefit · Lactobionic acid, Lactic acid + 4 more

Works well

This product contains good ingredients to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. These ingredients are called "humectants": glycerin, lactic acid.

When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. If the air is dry, humectants can speed up the moisture loss from the skin. This is why it is a good idea to use another product on top of this one to help "seal in" the moisture (look for ingredients like dimethicone, squalane, oils and butters).

The following ingredients in this product are especially good for supporting the skin barrier and helping with the hydration level: lactobionic acid

Lactobionic acidHeroEffect: HighA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity~0.4–0.6%

Lactic acidKey active· HumectantEffect: HighAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiome)~3–3.7%

GlycerinKey active· HumectantEffect: HighOne of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant~1.2–1.5%

Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymerKey active· HumectantEffect: HighAttracts water into the upper layer of the skin~0.3–0.6%

Pentylene glycol· EmollientEffect: LowUsed to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture~2–2.4%

Can it cause trouble?

Irritancy

9 strong irritants: Citrus aurantifolia fruit extract, Citrus aurantium bergamia fruit extract + 7 more — patch-test recommended

High risk

We flagged 24 ingredients with irritancy potential. Severity depends on your sensitivity threshold; the table lists the worst offenders first.

IngredientFunctionIrritationEst. amount

Glycolic acidAn alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acidHigh~4.1–5%est.

Cocamidopropyl dimethylamineHelps oil and water mix together. Can work as a cleansing agent. Can be irritatingHigh~1.6–1.9%est.

Salicylic acidUsed for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)High~0.75–1.1%est.

Mandelic acidHelps shed the upper layer of dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. It has anti-bacterial properties, and might help to reduce blemishes, as well as fine lines and wrinkles. It is considered to be gentler than glycolic acidHigh~0.55–0.85%est.

PhenylpropanolHelps mask the smell of other ingredients and helps preserve the product formulationHigh~0.5–0.75%est.

Citrus aurantifolia fruit extractUsed as a fragranceHigh~0.3–0.55%est.

Citrus aurantium bergamia fruit extract—High~0.25–0.45%est.

Citrus aurantium dulcis peel extractUsed as a fragranceHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

Citrus limon fruit extractUsed as a fragrance. Can be irritating and cause photosensitivityHigh~0.2–0.4%est.

Citrus paradisi fruit extract—High~0.2–0.35%est.

Citrus nobilis peel oilA plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that, especially when exposed to air, can cause allergic reactions and irritate the skinHigh~0.15–0.3%est.

Citrus reticulata peel extractA likely irritant. Might have some anti-oxidant activity, but is mostly used as a fragrance in cosmetic productsHigh~0.15–0.3%est.

Vanilla planifolia fruit extractA plant extract used as a fragrance. Can be irritatingHigh~0.15–0.25%est.

Raspberry ketoneUsed as a fragrance. It can reduce skin pigmentation, but it is not safe to use for these purposes in high concentrations as use of raspberry ketone and its derivative is linked to causing loss of skin pigmentation in people (leukoderma)High~0.05–0.1%est.

LimoneneA common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heatHigh~0.05–0.1%est.

Lactic acidAn exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiome)Medium~3–3.7%est.

Pentylene glycolUsed to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product textureMedium~2–2.4%est.

Sorbitan oleate decylglucoside crosspolymerHelps oil and water mix together. Used as a cleansing agentMedium~0.75–1.15%est.

GluconolactoneA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicalsMedium~0.6–0.9%est.

Citric acidCan work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pHMedium~0.5–0.75%est.

Lactobionic acidA polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticityMedium~0.4–0.6%est.

Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymerAttracts water into the upper layer of the skinMedium~0.3–0.6%est.

Benzyl glycolHelps dissolve other ingredients and preserve productsMedium~0.3–0.55%est.

EthylhexylglycerinA preservativeMedium~0.1–0.15%est.

Comedogenic

Clean of flagged comedogenic ingredients

None flagged

Alternatives

Cheaper, or higher on efficacy

Bliss Pro Liquid Exfoliant

Cheaper89% match

$24.00

skintific AHA BHA PHA Exfoliating Pads

Cheaper85% match

$18.90

View all alternatives

User reviews

Would you recommend?

No community reviews yet.

Be the first — your take helps the next person decide.

Ingredients

Filter by role to see what each ingredient is doing.

Water~45–55%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Plain old water

More about Water

Propanediol~5.3–6.5%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin

More about Propanediol

Glycolic acid~4.1–5%

Key activeIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-agingEvens skin toneExfoliationAnti-blemish

An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid

More about Glycolic acid

Lactic acid~3–3.7%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

ExfoliationEvens skin toneMoisturizingAnti-aging

An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiome)

More about Lactic acid

Sodium hydroxide~2.3–2.8%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Used to adjust the product's pH

More about Sodium hydroxide

Pentylene glycol~2–2.4%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture

More about Pentylene glycol

Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine~1.6–1.9%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Cleansing

Helps oil and water mix together. Can work as a cleansing agent. Can be irritating

More about Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine

Xanthan gum~1.4–1.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Cleansing

Used to create a thicker product consistency

More about Xanthan gum

Glycerin~1.2–1.5%

Key active

Irritation risk: Low

Works for

Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

More about Glycerin

Salicylic acid~0.75–1.1%

Hero · Anti-blemishIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-blemishAnti-inflammatoryExfoliationAntibacterialEvens skin tone

Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid)

More about Salicylic acid

Sorbitan oleate decylglucoside crosspolymer~0.75–1.15%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Cleansing

Helps oil and water mix together. Used as a cleansing agent

More about Sorbitan oleate decylglucoside crosspolymer

Gluconolactone~0.6–0.9%

Under-dosedIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

ExfoliationEvens skin toneMoisturizingAnti-agingAnti-blemishAnti-oxidation

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. Is believed to be genter than AHAs. It helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can stimulate production of skin's own hyaluronic acid resulting in improved hydration levels. It has been shown to be helpful against acne and clogged pores if used consistently (e.g over a period of 12 weeks) in high enough concentration. It can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin tone with long-term application. Can help neutralize free radicals

More about Gluconolactone

Mandelic acid~0.55–0.85%

Key activeIrritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

ExfoliationEvens skin toneAnti-blemishAntibacterial

Helps shed the upper layer of dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. It has anti-bacterial properties, and might help to reduce blemishes, as well as fine lines and wrinkles. It is considered to be gentler than glycolic acid

More about Mandelic acid

Phenylpropanol~0.5–0.75%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Helps mask the smell of other ingredients and helps preserve the product formulation

More about Phenylpropanol

Citric acid~0.5–0.75%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH

More about Citric acid

Malic acid~0.5–0.75%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Helps adjust the product pH

More about Malic acid

Sodium gluconate~0.45–0.7%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

Helps stabilize product formulations

More about Sodium gluconate

Embelia concinna leaf extract~0.45–0.65%

Formula

Irritation risk: Low

More about Embelia concinna leaf extract

Lactobionic acid~0.4–0.6%

Hero · MoisturizingIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Anti-agingAnti-oxidationExfoliationEvens skin toneMoisturizingAnti-inflammatoryAnti-blemish

A polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that helps shed dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing a smoother, more even skin. PHAs tend to be gentler on the skin compared to AHAs (for example, glycolic acid). It also has hydrating properties and helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. It can help calm down inflammation in skin and support restoration of the barrier function. It has an anti-oxidant effect as well. It can help reduce fine line, wrinkles and improve skin elasticity

More about Lactobionic acid

Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer~0.3–0.6%

Key activeIrritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Works for

Moisturizing

Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

More about Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer

Benzyl glycol~0.3–0.55%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

Helps dissolve other ingredients and preserve products

More about Benzyl glycol

Citrus aurantifolia fruit extract~0.3–0.55%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Used as a fragrance

More about Citrus aurantifolia fruit extract

Citrus aurantium bergamia fruit extract~0.25–0.45%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

More about Citrus aurantium bergamia fruit extract

Citrus aurantium dulcis peel extract~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Used as a fragrance

More about Citrus aurantium dulcis peel extract

Citrus limon fruit extract~0.2–0.4%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and cause photosensitivity

More about Citrus limon fruit extract

Citrus paradisi fruit extract~0.2–0.35%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

More about Citrus paradisi fruit extract

Citrus nobilis peel oil~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that, especially when exposed to air, can cause allergic reactions and irritate the skin

More about Citrus nobilis peel oil

Citrus reticulata peel extract~0.15–0.3%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Works for

Anti-oxidation

A likely irritant. Might have some anti-oxidant activity, but is mostly used as a fragrance in cosmetic products

More about Citrus reticulata peel extract

Vanilla planifolia fruit extract~0.15–0.25%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A plant extract used as a fragrance. Can be irritating

More about Vanilla planifolia fruit extract

Ethylhexylglycerin~0.1–0.15%

Irritant · medium

Irritation risk: Medium

A preservative

More about Ethylhexylglycerin

Raspberry ketone~0.05–0.1%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

Used as a fragrance. It can reduce skin pigmentation, but it is not safe to use for these purposes in high concentrations as use of raspberry ketone and its derivative is linked to causing loss of skin pigmentation in people (leukoderma)

More about Raspberry ketone

Limonene~0.05–0.1%

Irritant · high

Irritation risk: High

A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat

More about Limonene

Ingredient list view

Water, Propanediol, Glycolic acid, Lactic acid, Sodium hydroxide, Pentylene glycol, Cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, Xanthan gum, Glycerin, Salicylic acid, Sorbitan oleate decylglucoside crosspolymer, Gluconolactone, Mandelic acid, Phenylpropanol, Citric acid, Malic acid, Sodium gluconate, Embelia concinna leaf extract, Lactobionic acid, Sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer, Benzyl glycol, Citrus aurantifolia fruit extract, Citrus aurantium bergamia fruit extract, Citrus aurantium dulcis peel extract, Citrus limon fruit extract, Citrus paradisi fruit extract, Citrus nobilis peel oil, Citrus reticulata peel extract, Vanilla planifolia fruit extract, Ethylhexylglycerin, Raspberry ketone, Limonene

Compare prices

Retailers ranked by price — lowest first.

🇬🇧 PROCOAL (UK)

≈ $26.60

Buy

🇦🇺 Amazon Australia (AU)

Price unavailable Out of stock

Check

🇬🇧 Amazon UK (UK)

Price unavailable Out of stock

Check

Affiliate links · As an Amazon Associate, WIMJ earns from qualifying purchases.

Worth comparing, line by line.

Match % combines shared ingredients, the first five ingredients, shared actives and hero ingredients, irritancy (lower counts in the alternative's favour), texture and body area. Only products in the same routine step are compared.

Side-by-side comparison of this product against its closest alternatives
	ProcoalPeel & Glow ExfoliantYOUR PRODUCT	BlissPro Liquid Exfoliant	Deviant SkincareGentle Resurfacing Liquid	skintificAHA BHA PHA Exfoliating Pads
Match	—	89%	87%	85%
Price	—	$24.00	$52.00	$18.90
Shared key ingredients	—	5 of 8	6 of 8	5 of 8
Key difference	—	Ceramide Ng	Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract	Niacinamide
Irritancy	High	Medium	Low	Medium
Drying alcohol	—	—	—	—
	View product	Shop	Shop	Shop

More alternatives: Paula's choice 25% AHA + 2% BHA Exfoliant Peel StackedSkincare TCA Lactic & Glycolic Face Peel

Cheaper alternatives? See how this stacks up against similar formulas.

We compare ingredient profiles across our catalog — pick the closest match for your budget.

Open dupe finder

Product summary

"Procoal - Peel & Glow Exfoliant" is effective for: Exfoliation, Anti-blemish, Evens skin tone, Anti-aging and Moisturizing

Ingredient callouts

Exfoliating acids (mandelic acid 0.55% - 0.85%, lactic acid 3.00% - 3.70% and glycolic acid 4.10% - 5.00%). In this concentration, they will have a noticeable exfoliating effect. They can also have an anti-aging effect and stimulate collagen production in a long-run. PHAs (lactobionic acid 0.40% - 0.60% and gluconolactone 0.60% - 0.90%) in this product also work for improving skin hydration. They might be even able to stimulate the production of skin's natural humectants and support the healthy skin microbiome.
Salicylic acid (0.75% - 1.10%). This is an oil-soluble exfoliating acid. Because of this property, it can work inside pores and help reduce the congestion. It has an anti-inflammatory effect and is used to treat acne. Because it is a quite strong exfoliator, be careful with using this product too often: it could result in over-exfoliation.
Humectants (sodium hyaluronate crosspolymer 0.30% - 0.60%, glycerin 1.20% - 1.50% and lactic acid 3.00% - 3.70%). These ingredients help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improve the skin hydration.