The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: glycerin, sodium hyaluronate.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: butyrospermum parkii butter, dimethicone.

butyrospermum parkii butter 1.5% - 1.9%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

dimethicone 1.3% - 1.6%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish

glycerin 4% - 4.8%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

Anti-aging

What does the product description say?

Added Sweet Almond Fruit Extract firms the skin to help it appear more youthful.

Source: Face the future

This product does not contain ingredients that are able to reduce fine lines and wrinkles or help with skin elasticity, but it can improve the look of the skin temporarily through moisturization. Well-moisturized skin might also be able to repair the sun damage better.This ingredient - butyrospermum parkii butter - could be helpful for preventing or repairing signs of aging in theory, but there is no evidence that it actually works.

butyrospermum parkii butter 1.5% - 1.9%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Concentration: Effectiveness: LOW

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate 0.6% - 0.85%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Insufficient!

Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable than ascorbic acid, but still degrades quickly and needs to be stabilized in a formulation with another ingredient. It is claimed to penetrate skin better than pure vitamin C and have the the similar benefits, but solid studies of its effectiveness are lacking. Is likely to require a higher concentration in a product than pure vitamin C to be effective. It might be able to help reduce pore clogging.

tocopherol 0.55% - 0.8%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Insufficient!

Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself

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Key Actives

allantoin 0.15% - 0.3%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Anti-inflammatory, Moisturizing, Reduces redness, Reduces irritation, Anti-blemish, Exfoliation

Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated

tocopherol 0.55% - 0.8%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Anti-oxidation, Moisturizing, Anti-aging, Anti-inflammatory

Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself

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Potential irritants

chamomilla recutita flower/leaf extract 0.45% - 0.65%

Irritation risk:

isopropyl palmitate 1.9% - 2.3%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Works for: Moisturizing

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency

Comodogenic ingredients

cetearyl alcohol 2.4% - 2.9%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: Medium

Works for: Cleansing, Moisturizing

A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture

isopropyl palmitate 1.9% - 2.3%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Works for: Moisturizing

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency

All ingredients

water 45% - 55%

Irritation risk:

Plain old water

glyceryl stearate 5.8% - 7.1%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Cleansing, Moisturizing

An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together

glycerin 4% - 4.8%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

Ingredient list view

Water, Glyceryl stearate, Glycerin, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, Cetearyl alcohol, Isopropyl palmitate, Cyclopentasiloxane, Butyrospermum parkii butter, Dimethicone, Cetyl alcohol, Polysorbate 60, Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate, Tocopherol, Hydrolyzed wheat protein, Chamomilla recutita flower/leaf extract, Aloe barbadensis leaf extract, Cucumis sativus fruit extract, Prunus amygdalus dulcis seed, Helianthus annuus seed oil, Olea europaea fruit oil, Sodium hyaluronate, Sodium pca, Allantoin, Potassium cetyl phosphate, Glycol distearate, Xanthan gum, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Sodium hydroxide, Carbomer, Tetrasodium edta

	PCA SKIN - Collagen Hydrator	Peter Thomas Roth - Potent C Target Spot Brightener	skinmade - Hyaluronic Acid + Vitamin C serum	Dr. Loretta - Anti-Aging Repair Serum	Paula's choice - Resist Anti-Ageing Omega+ Complex Serum	Youth To The People - Superfood Firm + Brighten Serum	MUTHA - No.1 Serum	Image skincare - IMAGE MD restoring youth repair serum	Skin Script - Vitamin C/Green Tea Serum	Perricone MD - Eye Treatments Essential Fx Eyelid Lift Serum	Plant Apothecary - Virgin Skin: Brightening Emulsion Serum
Price
WIMJ similarity score		51%	51%	49%	47%	45%	45%	41%	39%	38%	38%
Key ingredients	tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate butyrospermum parkii butter +9 more	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate allantoin +2 more Other: ferulic acid titanium dioxide	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate glycerin +2 more Other: niacinamide adenosine +9 more	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate cyclopentasiloxane +4 more Other: caprylic/capric triglyceride bisabolol +1 more	Common: butyrospermum parkii butter glycerin +2 more Other: caprooyl sphingosine linoleic acid +11 more	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate glycerin +1 more Other: 3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid gluconolactone +5 more	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate sodium hyaluronate +1 more Other: niacinamide ferulic acid +7 more	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate sodium hyaluronate +3 more Other: glycolic acid acetyl hexapeptide-8 +24 more	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate allantoin +3 more Other: copper tripeptide-1 acetyl octapeptide-3 +8 more	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate sodium hyaluronate +2 more Other: palmitoyl tripeptide-38 avena sativa kernel extract +4 more	Common: tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate glycerin +2 more Other: panthenol caprylic/capric triglyceride +2 more
Irritancy	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY HIGH	IRRITANCY HIGH	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY HIGH
Potential Irritants	chamomilla recutita flower/leaf extract Has skin benefit? tetrasodium edta Has skin benefit? +10 more	potassium sorbate Has skin benefit? disodium edta Has skin benefit? +7 more	ethylhexylglycerin Has skin benefit? disodium edta Has skin benefit? +4 more	citrus limon peel oil Has skin benefit? citrus aurantium dulcis peel oil Has skin benefit? +8 more	benzyl alcohol Has skin benefit? passiflora edulis seed oil Has skin benefit? +13 more	zingiber officinale root oil Has skin benefit? pullulan Has skin benefit? +15 more	calendula officinalis flower extract Has skin benefit? citric acid Has skin benefit? +10 more	benzyl alcohol Has skin benefit? spiraea ulmaria flower extract Has skin benefit? +26 more	phenethyl alcohol Has skin benefit? alcohol denat. Has skin benefit? +17 more	rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract Has skin benefit? hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin Has skin benefit? +5 more	alcohol Has skin benefit? limonene Has skin benefit? +10 more
All ingredients	water Has skin benefit? glyceryl stearate Has skin benefit? +29 more	water Has skin benefit? tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate Has skin benefit? +24 more	water Has skin benefit? tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate Has skin benefit? +27 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +25 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +41 more	water Has skin benefit? 3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid Has skin benefit? +33 more	aloe barbadensis leaf juice Has skin benefit? tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate Has skin benefit? +28 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +71 more	water Has skin benefit? hamamelis virginiana water Has skin benefit? +40 more	water Has skin benefit? propanediol Has skin benefit? +27 more	water Has skin benefit? tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate Has skin benefit? +25 more

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PCA SKIN Collagen Hydrator

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Moisturizing

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Anti-aging

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