The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: glycerin, lactobacillus ferment.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: butyrospermum parkii butter, borago officinalis seed oil.

sodium hyaluronate 0.4% - 0.9%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin

butyrospermum parkii butter 1.5% - 2.3%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

carthamus tinctorius seed oil 1.3% - 2%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

An emollient that helps soften the skin and might help calm down inflammation

Anti-aging

What does the product description say?

Packed with breakthrough organic ingredients, Pai Skincare Age Confidence Cream works on multiple levels to defend against dryness, irritation, loss of nutrients as we age, and environmental damage—all of which can lead to thin, sagging skin, fine lines, and wrinkles.

Source: Beautylish

This product does not contain ingredients that are able to reduce fine lines and wrinkles or help with skin elasticity, but it can improve the look of the skin temporarily through moisturization. Well-moisturized skin might also be able to repair the sun damage better.This ingredient - butyrospermum parkii butter - could be helpful for preventing or repairing signs of aging in theory, but there is no evidence that it actually works.

butyrospermum parkii butter 1.5% - 2.3%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Concentration: Effectiveness: LOW

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

lactic acid 0.1% - 0.35%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Insufficient!

An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiome)

tocopherol 0.35% - 0.8%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Insufficient!

Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself

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Ingredients & concentrations

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Key Actives

borago officinalis seed oil 1.7% - 2.6%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing, Anti-inflammatory, Reduces irritation, Anti-oxidation

A plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydration

lactobacillus ferment 1% - 1.6%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing, Anti-oxidation, Anti-inflammatory, Reduces irritation

A fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservative

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Potential irritants

rosa damascena flower oil 0.35% - 0.8%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing

Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating

sodium anisate 0.15% - 0.7%

Irritation risk:

Used as a fragrance

Comodogenic ingredients

cetearyl alcohol 2.2% - 3.3%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: Medium

Works for: Cleansing, Moisturizing

A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture

butyrospermum parkii butter 1.5% - 2.3%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: High

Works for: Moisturizing, Anti-aging, Anti-oxidation

A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals

All ingredients

water 40% - 60%

Irritation risk:

Plain old water

macadamia ternifolia seed oil 4.4% - 6.6%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing

Plant oil from nuts that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Contains a high concentration of oleic acid that can weaken skin's barrier function and increase water-loss while enhancing penetration of other ingredients

prunus armeniaca kernel oil 3.8% - 5.6%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing, Anti-oxidation

An emollient that helps soften the skin

Ingredient list view

Water, Macadamia ternifolia seed oil, Prunus armeniaca kernel oil, Cetearyl alcohol, Glycerin, Borago officinalis seed oil, Butyrospermum parkii butter, Carthamus tinctorius seed oil, Lactobacillus ferment, Ectoin, Echium plantagineum seed oil, Cetearyl glucoside, Prunus domestica seed oil, Sodium hyaluronate, Rosa damascena flower oil, Tocopherol, Sodium stearoyl glutamate, Sodium anisate, Pelargonium graveolens oil, Sodium levulinate, Citrus grandis peel oil, Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract, Lactic acid, Limonene, Linalool, Citronellol, Geraniol

	Pai Skincare - Age Confidence Cream	Estelle and Thild - Estelle Thild BioCalm Nourishing Night Cream	Absolution - La Creme du Temps Firming Face Cream	Tropic Skincare - SKIN DREAM age-defying firming cream concentrate	Kiehl's - s Baby Nurturing Cream for Face and Body	A'kin - Age Defy Lifting Eye Cream	Nuori - Vital Eye Cream	Ecooking - Night Cream Fragrance Free	Neal's Yard Remedies - Facial Moisturisers Sensitive Replenish + Balance Moisturiser	La Roche-Posay - Hyalu B5 Hyaluronic Acid Eye Cream	Shu Uemura - Tsuya Skin Youthful Bouncy-Fine Cream
Price
WIMJ similarity score		30%	29%	29%	29%	29%	29%	29%	28%	28%	28%
Key ingredients	borago officinalis seed oil butyrospermum parkii butter +8 more	Common: butyrospermum parkii butter glycerin +2 more Other: gluconolactone avena sativa kernel extract +3 more	Common: borago officinalis seed oil butyrospermum parkii butter +3 more Other: arginine beeswax +8 more	Common: butyrospermum parkii butter glycerin +2 more Other: gluconolactone ceramide np +10 more	Common: butyrospermum parkii butter glycerin +1 more Other: oryza sativa bran oil squalane	Common: glycerin sodium hyaluronate +2 more Other: niacinamide salicylic acid +11 more	Common: butyrospermum parkii butter glycerin +3 more Other: hyaluronic acid squalane	Common: prunus armeniaca kernel oil butyrospermum parkii butter +1 more Other: tripeptide-1 acetyl hexapeptide-8 +2 more	Common: borago officinalis seed oil carthamus tinctorius seed oil +3 more Other: avena sativa kernel oil helianthus annuus seed oil +3 more	Common: butyrospermum parkii butter glycerin +2 more Other: acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester panthenol +9 more	Common: butyrospermum parkii butter glycerin +2 more Other: adenosine biosaccharide gum-1 +3 more
Irritancy	IRRITANCY HIGH	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY HIGH	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY MEDIUM
Potential Irritants	geraniol Has skin benefit? citronellol Has skin benefit? +15 more	sambucus nigra flower extract Has skin benefit? sorbic acid Has skin benefit? +7 more	citral Has skin benefit? limonene Has skin benefit? +22 more	sodium anisate Has skin benefit? anthemis nobilis flower oil Has skin benefit? +13 more	caprylyl glycol Has skin benefit? citric acid Has skin benefit? +4 more	salicylic acid Has skin benefit? rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract Has skin benefit? +12 more	citric acid Has skin benefit? sodium ascorbyl phosphate Has skin benefit? +5 more	caprylyl glycol Has skin benefit? triethanolamine Has skin benefit? +3 more	helichrysum italicum extract Has skin benefit? sodium levulinate Has skin benefit? +7 more	hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol Has skin benefit? propylene glycol Has skin benefit? +10 more	parfum Has skin benefit? royal jelly Has skin benefit? +7 more
All ingredients	water Has skin benefit? macadamia ternifolia seed oil Has skin benefit? +25 more	water Has skin benefit? simmondsia chinensis seed oil Has skin benefit? +25 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +46 more	water Has skin benefit? squalane Has skin benefit? +37 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +14 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +39 more	water Has skin benefit? squalane Has skin benefit? +23 more	water Has skin benefit? cetearyl alcohol Has skin benefit? +22 more	water Has skin benefit? helianthus annuus seed oil Has skin benefit? +21 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +45 more	water Has skin benefit? butylene glycol Has skin benefit? +24 more

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Pai Skincare Age Confidence Cream

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Moisturizing

What does the product description say?

Anti-aging

What does the product description say?

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