1 |
aqua
| Plain old water |
2 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
3 |
aloe barbadensis leaf extract
| Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin |
4 |
caffeine
| Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes |
5 |
sambucus nigra extract
| |
6 |
leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
| A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine |
7 |
cucumis sativus fruit extract
| Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect |
8 |
arnica montana extract
| |
9 |
lavandula angustifolia flower extract
| Essential oil that can be irritating |
10 |
rosa damascena flower water
| Used to add a nice rose smell to the product. Can be irritating |
11 |
panthenol
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function |
12 |
salicylic acid
| Used for skin exfoliation. It has an anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effect, helps to unclog pores, prevent blemishes and speed up healing of the existing ones. Sometimes referred to as a BHA (beta-hydroxy acid) |
13 |
sclerotium gum
| Used to create gel-like formulas and stabilize emulsions |
14 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
15 |
ethylhexylglycerin
| A preservative |
16 |
mica
| Creates an illusion of smoother and more radiant skin tone. Adds shimmer to the skin by reflecting light |
17 |
titanium dioxide
| Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin |
18 |
iron oxide
| An umbrella term for the following three colorants: CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499 |
19 |
parfum
| An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients |