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1
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caprylic/capric triglyceride
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
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2
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dimethyl sulfone (msm
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3
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sodium chloride
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Used to stabilize mixtures of oil and water, and create thicker, gel-like product textures
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4
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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5
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aqua (water
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Plain old water
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6
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lactobacillus/pumpkin fruit ferment filtrate
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7
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borago officinalis (borage) seed oil
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A plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydration
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8
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tocopherol (vitamin e
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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9
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juniperus mexicana (cedarwood) wood oil
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10
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cymbopogon (palmarosa) martini oil
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Aromatic plant oil used in cosmetics as a fragrance. A likely irritant
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11
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cinnamomum camphora linalooliferum (ho) wood oil
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12
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sucrose laurate
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Helps oil and water mix together. Can be used as a cleansing agent
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13
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cetearyl olivate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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14
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sorbitan olivate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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15
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benzyl alcohol
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A preservative. Can be used to mask unpleasant smell. Can be irritating
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16
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sucrose stearate
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Helps water and oil mix together
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17
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rhodinols
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18
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dehydroacetic acid
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A preservative
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19
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leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate
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A preservative that comes from radishes fermented by a bacteria. New research suggests that the preservation properties in the ingredient come from an ammonium salt that is not present naturally in radish root but used in its cultivation. Is problematic because the exact amount of the preservative agents is difficult to determine
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20
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pelargonium graveolens (geranium) oil
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21
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eugenia caryophyllus (clove) bud oil
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22
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anthemis nobilis (camomile) flower oil
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An essential oil that is used as a fragrance and can be irritating. It might have some anti-oxidant effect in skin
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23
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sucrose palmitate
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24
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retinyl (vitamin a) palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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25
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rosa damascena (rose) flower oil
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Contains essential oil. Can be irritating
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26
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jojoba esters
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An emollient made of jojoba oil. Helps soften the skin and support its barrier function
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27
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geraniol
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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28
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citronellol
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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29
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linalool
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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30
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iron oxides (ci 77491
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A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating
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