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1
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aqua (water
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Plain old water
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2
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alcohol
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Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
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3
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dihydroxyacetone
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A self-tanning agent
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4
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propylene glycol
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Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin
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5
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dimethyl isosorbide
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Used to dissolve other ingredients in a product and can enhance their ability to penetrate the skin
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6
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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7
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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8
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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9
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hexylene glycol
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Helps create a more spreadable product texture
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10
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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11
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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12
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fragrance (parfum
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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13
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t-butyl alcohol
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Used to dissolve other ingredients and to improve smell of products. It could be irritating
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14
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cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract
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Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect
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15
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argania spinosa (argan) kernel oil
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An emollient that helps soften the upper layer of the skin. Might have some weak anti-oxidant properties
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16
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macadamia integrifolia (macadamia) seed oil
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A plant oil that helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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17
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cocos nucifera (coconut) oil
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An emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenic
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18
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simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed oil
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Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.
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19
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rosa canina (rosehip) fruit oil
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A great emollient. Contains vitamin E (tocopherol) which may give it some anti-oxidant properties. Can contain volatile compounds and can be irritating
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20
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vitis vinifera (grape) seed oil
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A great emollient that can have some anti-oxidant properties
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21
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persea gratissima (avocado) oil
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and could be helpful in repairing its barrier function
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22
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ascorbic acid (vitamin c
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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23
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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24
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vitamin e
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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25
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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26
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, brucine sulfate,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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27
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yellow 5 (ci 19140
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A yellow dye
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28
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blue 1 (ci 42090
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A colorant (dye)
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