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1
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acqua purificata (purified water
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Plain old water
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2
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), aloe barbadenis (
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The ingredient is not recognized
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3
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aloe vera
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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4
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) gel,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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5
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caprylic/capric triglyceride
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
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6
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s,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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7
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sesamum indicum (sesame) extract
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Plant oil that due to its high content of linoleic acid can help support skin's barrier function improving its hydration
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8
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retinol (1%)
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Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating
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9
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morus alba (mulberry) extract
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|
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10
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anthemis nobilis
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A plant extract that one one hand, can contain compounds that can help calm down skin irritation, but, on the other hand, its other compounds (especially fragrant ones) can themselves be irritating
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11
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(chamomile) extract,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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12
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stearic acid
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Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
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13
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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14
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butyrospermum parkii (shea butter tree) extract
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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15
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magnesium ascorbyl phosphate
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A derivative of vitamin C that is more stable, but less bioavailable than the pure form of vitamin C. It does not penetrate the skin well, but has been shown to convert to pure vitamin C once in skin. It can be helpful in stimulating collagen production and lightening the skin tone, but the required concentration is likely to be very high
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16
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vitamin c
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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17
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), triticum vulgare (wheat) amino acids,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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18
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allantoin
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Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated
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19
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kojic acid
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Helps to reduce hyperpigmentation and neutralize free radicals. Can be irritating
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20
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glycolic acid
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An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid
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21
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sodium meabisulfite
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|
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22
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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23
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methylparaben
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A preservative
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24
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propylparaben
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A preservative
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