Keep in mind that it typically takes at least 6 weeks to notice any results because the changes that are needed to improve fine lines and elasticity happen in the deeper layers of the skin. No topical anti-aging product can “erase” wrinkles or fully reverse signs of aging.

Ingredient	Effectiveness	Concentration	Irritancy
glycolic acid	HIGH
lactic acid	MEDIUM
camellia sinensis leaf extract	LOW

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WIMJ summary

This product can help reduce hypepigmentation and even out the skin tone because it contains the following effective ingredients: glycolic acid, lactic acid

The following ingredient (ingredients) in this product might be helpful, but there is no evidence to confirm that it actually can help even out the skin tone: glycyrrhiza glabra root extract.

Keep in mind that you would need to apply any topical skincare targetted at hypigmentation consistently for a couple of months to get a result. No topical skincare product can help get rid of hyperpigmentation (including post-acne marks and age spots) instantly.

Ingredient	Effectiveness	Concentration	Irritancy
glycolic acid	HIGH
lactic acid	HIGH
glycyrrhiza glabra root extract	LOW

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Promise

What does the product description say?

"KP Body Bumps Be Gone With 10% AHA Clarifying Body Scrub"

From product name

WIMJ summary

This product can help exfoliate the skin. In other words, it helps break down the bonds between dead cells on the surface of the skin and speed up the skin turnover. Skin often appears softer and brighter after exfoliation, but overdoing it can result in disrupted skin barrier. The following ingredient is doing the exfoliating job in this product: glycolic acid, lactic acid.

Ingredient	Effectiveness	Concentration	Irritancy
glycolic acid	HIGH
lactic acid	HIGH
salix nigra bark extract	LOW

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WIMJ summary

This product can help improve hydration of the skin with the two types of ingredients.

The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: glycerin, lactic acid.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: caprylic/capric triglyceride, cetearyl alcohol.

Ingredient	Effectiveness	Concentration	Irritancy
lactobacillus ferment	HIGH
lactic acid	HIGH
caprylic/capric triglyceride	HIGH

Potential irritants

IRRITANCY

LOW

Ingredient	Irritancy	Skin Benefit
lactic acid
glycolic acid
caprylic/capric triglyceride

Ingredients by volume

Ingredient	Estimated concentration
water Plain old water	45% - 55%
pumice Milled volcanic rock. Used as an abrasive for physical exfoliation	5.2% - 6.4%
glycerin One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant	3.9% - 4.7%
lactic acid An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)	3% - 3.7%
glycolic acid An alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that helps to remove the dead skin cells on the surface of the skin reveling a more even, smoother complexation. It is also able to stimulate collagen production with long-term use. Could help to reduce pore congestion. It can be irritating to the skin. Apply sunscreen daily if using products with glycolic acid	2.3% - 2.9%
caprylic/capric triglyceride A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin	2% - 2.5%
hydroxypropyl starch phosphate Helps oil and water mix together and used to stabilize product formulations	1.7% - 2.1%
stearic acid Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient	1.5% - 1.9%
decyl glucoside Helps oil and water mix together. Can be irritating	1.2% - 1.5%
cetearyl alcohol A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture	1.1% - 1.3%
sorbitan oleate decylglucoside crosspolymer Helps oil and water mix together. Used as a cleansing agent	0.75% - 1.15%
sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Helps oil and water mix together and works as a cleansing agent	1.3% - 1.6%
sodium hydroxide Used to adjust the product's pH	0.55% - 0.85%
hydroxyethylcellulose Used to thicken product formulations and create gel-like textures	0.55% - 0.8%
lauryl glucoside Helps oil and water mix together	0.55% - 0.85%
phenoxyethanol A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products	0.5% - 0.75%
sodium benzoate A preservative	0.25% - 0.5%
glyceryl stearate An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together	0.5% - 0.75%
potassium sorbate A preservative	0.3% - 0.6%
sorbitol Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture	0.3% - 0.6%
sodium methyl cocoyl taurate Helps oil and water mix together. Can be used as cleansing agent	0.6% - 0.9%
avena sativa kernel extract An effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties	0.3% - 0.55%
sodium stearoyl lactylate Helps oil and water mix together	0.25% - 0.45%
cocos nucifera shell powder Physical exfoliant that can cause micro tears on the skin's surface	0.3% - 0.55%
simmondsia chinensis seed oil Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.	0.25% - 0.45%
volcanic sand	0.15% - 0.3%
lactobacillus ferment A fermentation product created by bacteria Lactobacillus. The fermented product has anti-bacterial properties and might be helpful in calming down inflammation, but studies are lacking. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Can be used as a preservative	0.15% - 0.25%
salix nigra bark extract A plant extract that might contain salicylic acid	0.15% - 0.25%
glycerin One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant	0.15% - 0.25%
glycyrrhiza glabra root extract A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals	0.1% - 0.2%
camellia sinensis leaf extract Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation	0.05% - 0.15%
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