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1
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octinoxate (octyl methoxycinnamate) (7.5%
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Octinoxate. When used in higher concentrations, works as a sunscreen protecting the skin from UVB rays. When used in lower concentration, helps to preserve the product formulation. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can be irritating
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2
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w/w),
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The ingredient is not recognized
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3
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octocrylene (5%)
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A weak sunscreen that protects against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB) and is somewhat effective against the UVA rays. It is quite stable and can help stabilize other, more vulnerable, sunscreen ingredients like Avobenzone. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen
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4
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titanium dioxide (0.8%)
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Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
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5
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water (aqua
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Plain old water
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6
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c12-20 acid peg-8 ester
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Helps oil and water mix together
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7
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, bisoctrizole (
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The ingredient is not recognized
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8
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methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol
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Tinosorb M. A UV filter. Is effective against both UVA and UVB rays. It is photostable and can also be used to improve photostability of other sunscreen ingredients. It is soluble in water, which helps to create lightweight sunscreen formulations. Unfortunately, it is not approved by the FDA (US) yet
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9
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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10
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c12-15 alkyl benzoate
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Enhances the product texture and makes it more spreadable. Helps reduce water loss from the outer layer of skin. Extands the shelf life by preventing bacteria growth
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11
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cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract
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Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect
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12
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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13
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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14
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tocotrienols
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A type of vitamin E that is more powerful in neutralizing free radicals compared to its other forms
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15
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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16
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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17
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rubus idaeus (raspberry) leaf extract
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A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant properties but evidence of effectiveness in skin is lacking
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18
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cucumis sativus (cucumber) fruit extract
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Might be somewhat helpful in reducing hyperpigmentation and neutralizing free radicals but its typical concentration in a product is too low for having an effect
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19
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squalene
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An oil that is naturally part of skin sebum that helps to soften its upper layer, reduce water loss and neutralize free radicals. It might be comedogenic. Avoid applying large concentrations (or pure oil) before sun exposure as oxidized squalene can clog pores and lead to skin irritation. Today squalene is mostly derived from vegetable oils or synthetized by yeast
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20
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chondrus crispus
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Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and create a nicer product consistency
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21
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carrageenan
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Helps thicken the product formula and create a nice product formulation
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22
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hydrolyzed algin
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Derived from brown algae. Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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23
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elaeis guineensis (palm) oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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24
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phytosterols
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Lipids that work as an emollient and can be helpful in repairing skin barrier function
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25
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citric acid
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Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
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26
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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27
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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28
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caprylic/capric triglyceride
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
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29
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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30
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aluminum stearate
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Used to help evenly disperse other ingredients (for example, pigment) in a formulation
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31
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decylglucoside
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Helps oil and water mix together. Can be irritating
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32
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potassium cetyl phosphate
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Helps oil and water mix together
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33
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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34
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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35
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sodium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the product's pH
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36
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sorbitol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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37
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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38
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polyhydroxystearic acid
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Used to create a thicker product consistency and stabilize the formulation
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39
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propylene glycol
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Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin
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40
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alumina
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The same compound that is used safely in dental implants and bone cements. In cosmetics, it is used to improve the consistency of products
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41
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peg-8
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Used to create a nice product consistency
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42
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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43
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methylparaben
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A preservative
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44
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ethylparaben
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A preservative
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45
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butylparaben
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A preservative
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46
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isobutylparaben
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A preservative
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47
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propylparaben
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A preservative
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48
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bht
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A preservative
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49
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chlorphenesin
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A preservative
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50
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fragrance (parfum
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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51
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benzyl salicylate
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A fragrance. Is a likely irritant
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52
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citronellol
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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53
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geraniol
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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Maria from WIMJ
