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“Vitamin C Derivative enhances the skin's brightness and corrects areas of uneven tone.”
This product contains ingredients (prunus mume fruit extract) that could help reduce hyperpigmentation (for example, post-acne marks or age spots) in theory, but there is not enough evidence that they actually work.
This product can help improve hydration of the skin with the two types of ingredients.
The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water.
When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from
within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job:
polyglycerin-3, butylene glycol.
This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: butyrospermum parkii butter, caprylic/capric triglyceride.
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
More about Caprylic/capric triglycerideUsed to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture
More about Pentylene glycolA great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
More about Butyrospermum parkii butterHelps products spread more easily and works as an emollient to soften skin
More about Dicaprylyl carbonateA vitamin C derivative. Studies show that is might be effective in reducing hyperpigmentation, but there are no studies confirming that it is effectively converted into the bioavailable form of Vitamin C in skin. It is not clear how this derivative compares in effectiveness to the topical application of bioavailable form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid)
More about Ascorbyl tetraisopalmitateNon-drying alcohol. Used to stabilize other ingredients and is an emollient
More about Batyl alcoholA good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function
More about Sesamum indicum seed oilHelps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
More about Stearic acidA silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absorb oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin
More about CyclopentasiloxaneAn emollient made of jojoba oil. Helps soften the skin and support its barrier function
More about Jojoba estersAn emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together
More about Glyceryl stearateHelps soften the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function while creating a thicker product consistency
More about Helianthus annuus seed waxAn oil from a mixture of different vegetables. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Vegetable oilAn oil from a mixture of different vegetables. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Hydrogenated vegetable oilA great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function
More about Helianthus annuus seed oilHelps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin
More about Polyglycerin-3A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Has anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skin
More about Rosmarinus officinalis leaf oilA plant extract that might have an anti-oxidant effect and help even out skin tone, but solid evidence of effectiveness is lacking
More about Prunus mume fruit extractUsed to create a thicker product consistency and soften the upper layer of the skin
More about TribeheninUsed mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
More about LecithinUsed to create a thicker product consistency
More about Xanthan gumUsed to create a thicker product consistency and help soften the upper layer of the skin
More about Glyceryl behenateA more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
More about Tocopheryl acetatePure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
More about TocopherolUsed to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
More about Butylene glycolHelps oil and water mix togehter and creates a nice product texture
More about Peg-100 stearateIncreases thickness of a product. Texture enhancer for oil-in-water emulsions
More about Ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/vp copolymerA silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
More about DimethiconeA preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
More about PhenoxyethanolUsed to adjust pH of the product and can help improve the product's smell
More about TriethanolamineAn aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients
More about ParfumA common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
More about LimoneneWater, Caprylic/capric triglyceride, Pentylene glycol, Ppg-3 benzyl ether myristate, Butyrospermum parkii butter, Dicaprylyl carbonate, Ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, Batyl alcohol, Sesamum indicum seed oil, Stearic acid, Cyclopentasiloxane, Jojoba esters, Glyceryl stearate, Helianthus annuus seed wax, Vegetable oil, Hydrogenated vegetable oil, Helianthus annuus seed oil, Euphorbia cerifera wax, Acacia decurrens flower wax, Polyglycerin-3, Rosmarinus officinalis leaf oil, Prunus mume fruit extract, Tribehenin, Lecithin, Xanthan gum, Glyceryl behenate, Tocopheryl acetate, Tocopherol, Butylene glycol, Glyceryl dibehenate, Peg-100 stearate, Stearoxymethicone/dimethicone copolymer, Ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/vp copolymer, Dimethicone, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Triethanolamine, Disodium edta, Parfum, Limonene, Eugenol, Ci 14700, Ci 19140, Ci 17200
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Every concentration estimate and effectiveness label is anchored to one of these 24 studies and safety reviews.
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