1 |
aqua (water
| Plain old water |
2 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
3 |
pentylene glycol
| Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture |
4 |
peg-60 hydrogenated castor oil
| Helps oil and water mix together |
5 |
vaccinium myrtillus fruit extract
| A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its efficacy in skin is lacking |
6 |
saccharum officinarum (sugar cane) extract
| Sugar extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
7 |
citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) fruit extract
| A plant extract that is used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and lead to photosensitivity |
8 |
citrus limon (lemon) fruit extract
| Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and cause photosensitivity |
9 |
acer saccharum (sugar maple) extract
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
10 |
tocopheryl acetate
| A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients. |
11 |
ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate
| |
12 |
sodium tocopheryl phosphate
| |
13 |
tocopherol
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
14 |
panthenol
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function |
15 |
magnesium aspartate
| Might be helpful in restoring skin barrier function and calm down inflammation in skin |
16 |
zinc gluconate
| Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin |
17 |
copper gluconate
| Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing |
18 |
propanediol
| Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin |
19 |
sodium citrate
| Helps to control the skin's pH level. Maintains the skin's natural film of amino-lactic acids and oils. Helps to preserve products |
20 |
citric acid
| Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH |
21 |
menthoxypropanediol
| Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating |
22 |
parfum (fragrance
| An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients |
23 |
phenoxyethanol
| A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products |
24 |
limonene
| A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat |
25 |
linalool
| A fragrance. Can be irritating |