| 1 |
water/eau
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
olea europaea (olive) fruit oil
| An emollient that helps soften the skin but is not effective for restoring its barrier function. Might be helpful to calm down inflammation |
| 3 |
coco-caprylate/caprate
| Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin without creating a greasy texture |
| 4 |
camellia japonica seed oil
| A plant oil that helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and can help restore skin's barrier function. Might have an anti-oxidant effect |
| 5 |
simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed oil
| Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air. |
| 6 |
alcohol
| Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties |
| 7 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 8 |
niacinamide
| Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture |
| 9 |
1,2-hexanediol
| A preservative |
| 10 |
pentylene glycol
| Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture |
| 11 |
sodium chloride
| Used to stabilize mixtures of oil and water, and create thicker, gel-like product textures |
| 12 |
hydrogenated lecithin
| Helps to retain moisture by creating a protective barrier on the skin. Rich in fatty acids. Improves product texture and helps with the penetration of other ingredients. |
| 13 |
coccinia indica fruit extract
| A plant extract that might have some anti-oxidant effect helping neutralize free radicals in skin |
| 14 |
eclipta prostrata extract
| |
| 15 |
polyglyceryl-10 stearate
| Helps water and oil mix together and softens the upper layer of the skin |
| 16 |
ethylhexylglycerin
| A preservative |
| 17 |
xanthan gum
| Used to create a thicker product consistency |
| 18 |
citrus reticulata (tangerine) peel extract
| A likely irritant. Might have some anti-oxidant activity, but is mostly used as a fragrance in cosmetic products |
| 19 |
panthenol
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function |
| 20 |
pogostemon cablin leaf extract
| |
| 21 |
salvia sclarea (clary) oil
| |
| 22 |
adenosine
| Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin |
| 23 |
sodium hyaluronate
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin |
| 24 |
tocopheryl acetate
| A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients. |
| 25 |
butylene glycol
| Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 26 |
melia azadirachta flower extract
| A plant extract that might be helpful to neutralize free radicals in skin |
| 27 |
melia azadirachta leaf extract
| A plant extract that has anti-bacterial properties. Can be used to preserve the product. Can be irritating |
| 28 |
curcuma longa (turmeric) root extract
| A plant extract that can contain an active compound curcumin, that may have some anti-inflammatory properties when applied to the skin, but solid research is lacking and the typical concentration used in skincare products is too low. Can be an irritant |
| 29 |
ocimum sanctum leaf extract
| A plant extract that is rich in a fragrance compound eugenol that is a frequent allergen and can be irritating. It might also contain anti-oxidants to help neutralize free radicals |
| 30 |
ficus carica (fig) fruit extract
| A plant extract that can help neutralize free radicals. The concentrations typically used in cosmetics are too small to have an effect |
| 31 |
ginkgo biloba nut extract
| |
| 32 |
morus alba fruit extract
| |
| 33 |
punica granatum fruit extract
| |
| 34 |
corallina officinalis extract
| Red algae extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might contain antioxidants |
| 35 |
linoleic acid
| An excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores |
| 36 |
biotin
| Might have some moisturising properties. Is not effective when applied topically beyond some moisturizing effect |
| 37 |
menadione
| |
| 38 |
ascorbic acid
| One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation |
