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1
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water (aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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3
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niacinamide
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Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture
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4
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isohexadecane
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Improves the texture of the product and helps soften the skin. Helps oil and water mix together and can be used as a cleansing agent
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5
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c12-15 alkyl benzoate
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Enhances the product texture and makes it more spreadable. Helps reduce water loss from the outer layer of skin. Extands the shelf life by preventing bacteria growth
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6
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ethylhexyl palmitate
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and create a nice product texture
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7
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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8
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isopropyl isostearate
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An emollient that helps soften the skin
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9
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polyacrylamide
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Used to improve product texture and help oil and water mix together
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10
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retinyl propionate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, even thought its potency is not as well established as in case of retinol or retinaldehyde
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11
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methyl gluceth-20
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and soften it
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12
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propylene glycol
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Helps oil and water mix together and can enhance the penetration of other ingredients into the skin
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13
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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14
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stearyl alcohol
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An emollient that helps soften the skin
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15
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cyclopentasiloxane
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A silicone that helps improve the product texture and spreadability. Can absord oil creating a short-term mattifying effect on the skin
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16
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glyceryl stearate
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An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together
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17
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cetyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together
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18
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behenyl alcohol
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Non-drying alcohol that helps water and oil mix together. Also serves as an emollient
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19
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caprylic/capric triglyceride
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
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20
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carthamus tinctorius (safflower) seed oil
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and might help calm down inflammation
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21
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corn starch modified
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22
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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23
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polyethylene
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Used to thicken the product's texture
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24
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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25
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isononyl isononanoate
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Forms a protective film on the surface of the skin to prevent moisture loss. Gives a velvety feel to products while reducing tackiness
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26
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benzyl alcohol
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A preservative. Can be used to mask unpleasant smell. Can be irritating
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27
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cyclohexasiloxane
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A silicone that serves as an emollient. Helps create a nice non-greasy feels
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28
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c13-14 isoparaffin
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin, dissolve other ingredients and create a thicker product consistency
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29
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dimethiconol
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A silicone that makes products more spreadable and keeps skin smooth. Helps to add gloss to skin and may visually fill in fine lines/wrinkles for short time
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30
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cetearyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
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31
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cetearyl glucoside
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Helps water and oil in the product mix well together and improves product texture
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32
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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33
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peg-100 stearate
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Helps oil and water mix togehter and creates a nice product texture
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34
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titanium dioxide
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Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
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35
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allantoin
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Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated
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36
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borago officinalis seed oil
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A plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydration
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37
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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38
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ethylhexyl salicylate
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Octisalate. A UV filter. It offers some protection against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB), but does not protect against the most aging sun rays (UVA). It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen
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39
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ethylhexylglycerin
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A preservative
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40
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oenothera biennis (evening primrose) oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function
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41
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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42
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laureth-7
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Helps oil and water mix together
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43
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, steraic acid,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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44
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hydrolyzed wheat protein
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Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Avoid if sensitive to gluten
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45
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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46
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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47
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sodium ascorbyl phosphate
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A stable derivative of vitamin C. It is oil-soluble which means it is more likely to penetrate the skin compared to the pure form of vitamin C (which is water-soluble), but it is less bio-available and is way less effective in stimulating collagen and reducing wrinkles compared to the pure form of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and its other derivatives (for example, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate). At the same time, this vitamin C derivative has been shown in studies to be effective in reducing acne, blemishes and clogged pores. It is less irritating then the pure form of vitamin C
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48
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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49
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magnesium aspartate
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Might be helpful in restoring skin barrier function and calm down inflammation in skin
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50
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zinc gluconate
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Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of a polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing. Due to the zinc content, might help calm down inflammation in skin
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51
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copper gluconate
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Typically used to stabilize the product formulations. It is a salt of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) and in larger concentrations, can help shed the dead cells from the skin surface revealing smoother skin. It can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might to be helpful against acne and clogged pores. Could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals, but solid research is missing
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Maria from WIMJ 
