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1
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water\aqua\eau
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Plain old water
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2
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ethylhexyl palmitate
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and create a nice product texture
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3
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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4
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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5
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cetyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol that works to soften the skin and stabilize product formulations helping oil and water mix together
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6
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glyceryl stearate
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An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together
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7
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hydrogenated vegetable oil
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An oil from a mixture of different vegetables. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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8
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simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) seed oil
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Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.
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9
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persea gratissima (avocado) oil
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and could be helpful in repairing its barrier function
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10
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hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) extract
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A plant extract that can help calm down inflammation in skin. Can, however, itself be irritating
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11
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aloe barbadensis leaf juice
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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12
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cholesterol
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An emollient that is naturally found in skin
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13
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peg-100 stearate
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Helps oil and water mix togehter and creates a nice product texture
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14
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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15
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sodium pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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16
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trehalose
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A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin
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17
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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18
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ethylhexylglycerin
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A preservative
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19
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hydroxyproline
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Is helpful in restoring skin barrier function supporting its moisture levels. Is claimed to stimulte collagen production in skin but evidence is lacking
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20
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proline
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21
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acrylates copolymer
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Used to stabilize product formulation, help create an even product layer over skin (for example, in sunscreen) and create a thicker product consistency
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22
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phytantriol
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23
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glycine
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Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier function
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24
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linoleic acid
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An excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores
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25
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phytosphingosine
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A type of lipid that is naturally present in skin. It might help in repairing skin barrier function and has anti-bacterial effect
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26
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sodium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the product's pH
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27
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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28
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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29
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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30
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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31
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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32
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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