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1
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water
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Plain old water
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2
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petrolatum
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One of the most effective and the most studied occlusive ingredients that creates a protective layer on top of the skin preventing moisture loss
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3
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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4
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butyrospermum parkii (shea butter)
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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5
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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6
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ceresin
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7
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phenyl trimethicone
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A type of silicone that can decrease loss of moisture from the skin surface. It helps create a nice product texture
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8
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acetyl glucosamine
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An effective moisturizing ingredient that also has been shown to be effective in evening out the skin tone and reducing hyperpigmentation. It can help somewhat reduce wrinkles in skin
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9
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pentylene glycol
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Used to preserve products, dissolve other ingredients and create a nice product texture
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10
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lauryl peg-9 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone
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A type of silicone that helps to soften upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture
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11
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lanolin alcohol
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Helps oil and water mix together. Can be irritating
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12
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camellia sinensis (green tea) leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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13
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olea europaea (olive) fruit extract
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An emollient that helps soften the skin but is not effective for restoring its barrier function. Might be helpful to calm down inflammation
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14
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triticum vulgare (wheat bran) extract
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15
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scutellaria baicalensis root extract
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A plant extract that might contain a compound baicalin that could be helpful in neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammation in skin. The baicalin concentration in skincare products is often too low for an effective action. Can be used for its fragrant properties
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16
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ascophyllum nodosum extract
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Brown seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect
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17
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asparagopsis armata extract
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Red seaweed extract. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might have some antioxidant effect
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18
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pyrus malus (apple) fruit extract
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Can have some moisturizing properties due to its sugar content
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19
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morus bombycis (mulberry) root extract
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A plant extract that might contain arbutin, a compound that has skin-lightening properties. Might have some anti-oxidant activity. Is unlikely to be effective though in the concentrations typically used in skincare products
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20
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salvia sclarea (clary) extract
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Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
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21
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oenothera biennis (evening primrose) oil
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function
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22
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limnanthes alba (meadowfoam) seed oil
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This oil's cmposition is closest to rapeseed oil. It is a very stable oil and serves as an emoillient.
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23
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vitis vinifera (grape) seed oil
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A great emollient that can have some anti-oxidant properties
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24
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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25
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caffeine
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Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes
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26
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sucrose
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Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In crystal form, it can work as a gentle exfoliant, gentler than the salt scrub. Helps stabilize the emulsion
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27
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silica
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Used to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skin
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28
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cholesterol
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An emollient that is naturally found in skin
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29
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sorbitol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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30
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di-c12-15 alkyl fumarate
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Used to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product texture
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31
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peg-30 dipolyhydroxystearate
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32
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behenyl alcohol
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Non-drying alcohol that helps water and oil mix together. Also serves as an emollient
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33
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hydroxystearic acid
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34
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micrococcus lysate
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Consists of remains of dead bacteria cells. Is likely helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin. Might be helpful in reducing inflammation and neutralizing free radicals in skin
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35
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peg-8 distearate
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36
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acetyl hexapeptide-8
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A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles
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37
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trehalose
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A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin
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38
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linoleic acid
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An excellent emollient. Helps soften the skin, restore its barrier function, and can help to calm down inflammation. It can be helpful to prevent blemishes and clogged pores
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39
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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40
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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41
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lecithin
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Used mostly for creating emulsions - helping oil and water mix together. Helps soften the upper layer of the skin
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42
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potassium stearate
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43
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potassium palmitate
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44
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fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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45
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sodium chloride
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Used to stabilize mixtures of oil and water, and create thicker, gel-like product textures
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46
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trisodium edta
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Helps preserve product formulations
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47
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limonene
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A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
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48
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benzyl salicylate
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A fragrance. Is a likely irritant
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49
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chlorphenesin
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A preservative
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50
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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