| Ingredient | Estimated concentration |
|---|
|
Plain old water
|
45% -
55%
|
|
|
4.3% -
5.2%
|
|
Works as a UV filter when used in high concentrations. It is photostable and is effective mostly against the UVB light, with some protection in the UVA range. In small concentrations, used for its ability to improve the color of cosmetic products. Is usually well tolerated by the skin
|
4.8% -
5.8%
|
|
One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
|
3.3% -
4.1%
|
|
Helps soften the upper layer of the skin while creating a non-greasy feel on the skin. Helps to dissolve other ingredients
|
2.8% -
3.4%
|
|
A good moisturizing plant oil. Due to the high linoleic acid content, it helps soften the upper layer of the skin, reduce water loss and support skin barrier function
|
2.3% -
2.8%
|
|
An emollient that helps to soften the skin and create a pleasant product texture and stabilize the formulation
|
1.8% -
2.2%
|
|
Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
|
1.7% -
2%
|
|
A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
|
1.5% -
1.8%
|
|
Helps water and oil in the product mix well together and improves product texture
|
1.2% -
1.5%
|
|
A colorant. Usually well-tolerated
|
1% -
1.2%
|
|
Creates an illusion of smoother and more radiant skin tone. Adds shimmer to the skin by reflecting light
|
1% -
1.2%
|
|
Used to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skin
|
1.1% -
1.3%
|
|
Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air.
|
0.75% -
1.15%
|
|
An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
|
0.75% -
1.1%
|
|
Helps stabilize the product formulation
|
0.65% -
1%
|
|
A red colorant made of iron oxide. Typically is not irritating
|
0.65% -
0.95%
|
|
Might be helpful in neutralising free radicals in skin and have some hydration properties
|
0.6% -
0.85%
|
|
A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
|
0.6% -
0.95%
|
|
An aromatic blend of unspecified and possibly irritating ingredients
|
0.5% -
0.75%
|
|
Helps oil and water mix together
|
0.55% -
0.8%
|
|
Used to create a thicker product consistency
|
0.5% -
0.75%
|
|
Helps stabilize a product formulation
|
0.45% -
0.65%
|
|
A preservative. Can be used to mask unpleasant smell. Can be irritating
|
0.45% -
0.7%
|
|
Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
|
0.5% -
0.7%
|
|
|
0.45% -
0.7%
|
|
Can work as an exfoliant but is typically used to adjust the product pH
|
0.5% -
0.7%
|
|
|
0.5% -
0.7%
|
|
Used to create a thicker product consistency and stabilize the formulation
|
0.5% -
0.75%
|
|
Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds (abbreviated ECG, GCG, EGC, and EGCG) that might help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties. Unfortunately, these antioxidants are unstable and lose their effectiveness very quickly in products. The concentration of the antioxidant compounds in the extract also tends to be low to be effective in topical formulation
|
0.45% -
0.7%
|
|
A preservative
|
0.45% -
0.7%
|
|
An iron oxide. Used as a colorant. Is usually well tolerated
|
0.45% -
0.7%
|
|
The ingredient is not recognized
| TBC |
|
|
0.35% -
0.65%
|
|
A plant extract that can contain an irritating essential oil. Might have some anti-oxidant effect, but evidence is lacking
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
|
The ingredient is not recognized
| TBC |
|
|
0.3% -
0.6%
|
|
Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating
|
0.3% -
0.55%
|
|
The same compound that is used safely in dental implants and bone cements. In cosmetics, it is used to improve the consistency of products
|
0.4% -
0.65%
|
|
Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
|
0.4% -
0.6%
|
|
A preservative
|
0.2% -
0.4%
|
|
Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and is claimed to provide a longer-lasting hydration because of its ability to create a water-binding film on the surface of the skin
|
0.25% -
0.4%
|
|
A preservative
|
0.2% -
0.35%
|
|
An emollient that can also help water and oil mix together, as well as prevent bacteria growth in products
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
|
Used as a fragrance
|
0.15% -
0.3%
|
|
A mineral. It does not have any confirmed benefit for the skin
|
0.25% -
0.45%
|
|
A fragrance. Can be irritating
|
0.15% -
0.25%
|
|
A fragrance. Can be irritating
|
0.1% -
0.15%
|
|
A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
|
0.1% -
0.15%
|
|
