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1
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water
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Plain old water
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2
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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3
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caprylic/capric triglyceride
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A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin
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4
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dipropylene glycol
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Helps to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation. Slows down the rate of product drying
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5
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methylpropanediol
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Helps dissolve other ingredients in a formulation
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6
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butylene glycol
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Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin
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7
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schizandra chinensis fruit extract
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A berry extract that might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skin
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8
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coptis japonica root extract
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9
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glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract
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A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals
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10
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zingiber officinale (ginger) root extract
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A plant extract that can contain an irritating essential oil. Might have some anti-oxidant effect, but evidence is lacking
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11
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camellia sinensis leaf extract
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Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties
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12
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citrus grandis (grapefruit) seed extract
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13
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acorus calamus root extract
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14
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perilla ocymoides leaf extract
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A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin but solid research is lacking. Contains a number of volatile compounds and could be irritating
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15
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hydrogenated lecithin
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Helps to retain moisture by creating a protective barrier on the skin. Rich in fatty acids. Improves product texture and helps with the penetration of other ingredients.
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16
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ceramide np
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A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin
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17
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cholesterol
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An emollient that is naturally found in skin
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18
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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19
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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20
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hydroxyethylcellulose
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Used to thicken product formulations and create gel-like textures
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21
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peg-60 hydrogenated castor oil
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Helps oil and water mix together
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22
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polysorbate 60
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Helps oil and water mix together
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23
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carbomer
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Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations
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24
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triethanolamine
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Used to adjust pH of the product and can help improve the product's smell
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25
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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26
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chlorphenesin
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A preservative
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27
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1,2-hexanediol
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A preservative
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28
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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29
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trehalose
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A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin
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30
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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31
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fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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