The first type is called “humectants”:
these ingredients help attract water. When humectants are on the surface of the skin, they “pull in” the moisture from the outside environment, or from within deeper layers of the skin. The following ingredients in this product do the job: glycerin, butylene glycol.

This product also contains ingredients called “occlusives”. They help reduce the speed with which our skin loses moisture to the outside environment. These ingredients also help soften the upper layer of the skin, so it feels less tight and nicer to the touch. The following ingredients in this product do the job: squalane, glycine soja oil.

prunus amygdalus dulcis seed 0.65% - 0.95%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

Helps soften the upper layer of the skin

squalane 6% - 7.3%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.

glycerin 4.2% - 5.1%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: HIGH

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

Evens skin tone

What does the product description say?

Anti-Dark Spot Concentrate Serum

Source: From product name

This product contains ingredients (glycyrrhiza glabra root extract) that could help reduce hyperpigmentation (for example, post-acne marks or age spots) in theory, but there is not enough evidence that they actually work.

glycyrrhiza glabra root extract 0.3% - 0.55%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Effectiveness: LOW

A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals

magnesium ascorbyl phosphate 0.3% - 0.5%

Irritation risk:

Concentration: Insufficient!

A derivative of vitamin C that is more stable, but less bioavailable than the pure form of vitamin C. It does not penetrate the skin well, but has been shown to convert to pure vitamin C once in skin. It can be helpful in stimulating collagen production and lightening the skin tone, but the required concentration is likely to be very high

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Ingredients & concentrations

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Key Actives

tocopherol 0.25% - 0.5%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Anti-oxidation, Moisturizing, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-aging

Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself

bisabolol 2% - 2.4%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Reduces irritation, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidation

An active component of chamomile plant that historically has been used to calm down irritated skin. A recent study shows that bisabolol indeed can have some anti-inflammatory effect on skin, even though conclusive data is lacking. Bisabolol has a sweet floral scent and can be added to products for its aromatic properties

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Potential irritants

alcohol 0.1% - 0.15%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Antibacterial

Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties

benzyl alcohol 0.05% - 0.15%

Irritation risk:

A preservative. Can be used to mask unpleasant smell. Can be irritating

Comodogenic ingredients

glycine soja oil 0.2% - 0.35%

Irritation risk: Comedogenicity: Medium

Works for: Moisturizing

A good emollient that helps soften the skin and helps repair its barrier function. It can clog pores if used in high concentrations.

All ingredients

water 45% - 55%

Irritation risk:

Plain old water

squalane 6% - 7.3%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing

An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.

glycerin 4.2% - 5.1%

Irritation risk:

Works for: Moisturizing

One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant

Ingredient list view

Water, Squalane, Glycerin, Aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, Glyceryl stearate citrate, Bisabolol, Pentylene glycol, Sucrose palmitate, Polyglyceryl-3 stearate, Butylene glycol, Glyceryl linoleate, Prunus amygdalus dulcis seed, Hydrogenated lecithin, Caprylyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, Chlorphenesin, Xanthan gum, Acrylates/c10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, Tocopherol, Sodium phytate, Glycine soja oil, Sodium hydroxide, Undaria pinnatifida extract, Alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Potassium sorbate

	Nuhanciam - Anti-Dark Spot Concentrate Serum	OXYjet - Serum 1	Formula 10.0.6 - Mega Serum Vitamin E Restoring Face Serum	BYOMA - Hydrating Serum	Caudalie - Vinergetic C+ Vitamin C Energy Serum	Neocutis - Bio Serum Firm	Kate Somerville - Kx Active Concentrates Squalane + Hyaluronic Serum	Silki - Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Squalane & Turmeric Serum	BalmLabs - ClearBalm Serum Hydrator	Thalgo - Brightening Correcting Serum	SVR - ABC Ampoule Lift A
Price
WIMJ similarity score		41%	38%	38%	38%	38%	38%	37%	37%	36%	36%
Key ingredients	bisabolol glycerin +5 more	Common: glycerin prunus amygdalus dulcis seed +1 more Other: panthenol glycosphingolipids +5 more	Common: glycerin glycine soja oil +1 more Other: niacinamide bakuchiol +6 more	Common: glycerin squalane Other: ceramide np phytosphingosine +2 more	Common: glycerin squalane +1 more Other: ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate helianthus annuus seed oil +1 more	Common: glycerin squalane Other: aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate acetyl glucosamine +10 more	Common: glycerin squalane Other: adenosine panthenol +9 more	Common: glycerin squalane +1 more Other:	Common: squalane glycerin Other: niacinamide cannabidiol - derived from extract or tincture or resin of cannabis +4 more	Common: glycerin glycine soja oil +3 more Other: niacinamide adenosine +4 more	Common: glycerin glycine soja oil +2 more Other: retinol 3-o-ethyl ascorbic acid +7 more
Irritancy	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY LOW	IRRITANCY MEDIUM	IRRITANCY MEDIUM
Potential Irritants	benzyl alcohol Has skin benefit? alcohol Has skin benefit? +11 more	bupleurum falcatum root extract Has skin benefit? pullulan Has skin benefit? +6 more	disodium edta Has skin benefit? caprylyl glycol Has skin benefit? +6 more	glyceryl oleate Has skin benefit? caprylhydroxamic acid Has skin benefit? +10 more	phenylpropanol Has skin benefit? citric acid Has skin benefit? +6 more	pullulan Has skin benefit? disodium edta Has skin benefit? +7 more	potassium sorbate Has skin benefit? citric acid Has skin benefit? +11 more	curcuma longa root extract Has skin benefit? edta Has skin benefit? +2 more	leuconostoc/radish root ferment filtrate Has skin benefit? potassium sorbate Has skin benefit? +2 more	papain Has skin benefit? pullulan Has skin benefit? +14 more	parfum Has skin benefit? retinol Has skin benefit? +19 more
All ingredients	water Has skin benefit? squalane Has skin benefit? +26 more	water Has skin benefit? pentylene glycol Has skin benefit? +25 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +19 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +27 more	water Has skin benefit? squalane Has skin benefit? +20 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +33 more	water Has skin benefit? squalane Has skin benefit? +34 more	water Has skin benefit? glycerin Has skin benefit? +8 more	water Has skin benefit? squalane Has skin benefit? +19 more	water Has skin benefit? butylene glycol Has skin benefit? +40 more	water Has skin benefit? caprylic/capric triglyceride Has skin benefit? +36 more

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Nuhanciam Anti-Dark Spot Concentrate Serum

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Moisturizing

Evens skin tone

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