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1
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aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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helianthus annuus (sunflower) seed oil
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A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function
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3
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alcohol
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Can be drying and contribute to skin irritation. Used in formulars to dissolve other ingredients, create a thinner product consistency or for its antibacterial properties
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4
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dicaprylyl carbonate
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Helps products spread more easily and works as an emollient to soften skin
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5
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polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate
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Helps water and oil mix together
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6
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cetearyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
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7
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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8
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olea europaea (olive) fruit oil
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An emollient that helps soften the skin but is not effective for restoring its barrier function. Might be helpful to calm down inflammation
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9
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rubus chamaemorus (cloudberry) extract
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10
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aroma
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An unspecified blend of fragrant irritating ingredients
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11
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stearic acid
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Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
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12
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palmitic acid
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An emollient that is naturally present in skin and helps soften it
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13
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butyrospermum parkii (shea butter) fruit
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A great moisturising ingredient that softens the skin and reduces water loss from its upper layer. It also can be helpful in protecting skin from free radicals
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14
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butter
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15
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theobroma cacao (cocoa) seed butter
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effect
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16
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sodium pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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17
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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18
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avena sativa (oat) kernel extract
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An effective moisturizing and skin barrier repair ingredient. Helps calm down inflammation and has some anti-oxidant properties
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19
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cellulose
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Can be used to help absorb oil as well as add volume and imporve texture of products.
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20
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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21
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vitamin c
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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22
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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23
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sodium phytate
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Used to stabilize product formulations
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24
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, vanilla planifolia (vanilla) bean oil,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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25
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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26
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limonene
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A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
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27
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geraniol
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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28
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coumarin
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A fragrance. Is a likely skin allergen and can be irritating
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29
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linalool
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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