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1
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avobenzone (3%)
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Avobenzone. A broad spectrum sunscreen meaning that it can protect against both UVA rays. Currently, it is the only sunscreen ingredient available in the US (approved by the FDA) with the peak absorbance within the UVA I range. It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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2
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homosalate (5%)
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A weak sunscreen that offers some protection against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB), but does not offer meaningful protection against protect against the most aging sun rays (UVA). It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen. When used in low concentrations, helps to stabilize the product formulation
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3
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octisalate (5%)
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Octisalate. A UV filter. It offers some protection against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB), but does not protect against the most aging sun rays (UVA). It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen
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4
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octocrylene (7%)
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A weak sunscreen that protects against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB) and is somewhat effective against the UVA rays. It is quite stable and can help stabilize other, more vulnerable, sunscreen ingredients like Avobenzone. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen
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5
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water
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Plain old water
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6
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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7
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niacinamide
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Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture
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8
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silica
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Used to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skin
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9
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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10
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peg-100 stearate
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Helps oil and water mix togehter and creates a nice product texture
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11
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glyceryl stearate
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An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together
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12
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stearic acid
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Helps oil and water mix together and works as an emollient
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13
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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14
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ammonium polyacryloyldimethyl taurate
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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15
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palmitic acid
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An emollient that is naturally present in skin and helps soften it
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16
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caffeine
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Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals. Can have a dehydration effect that might somewhat decrease the look of puffy eyes
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17
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dicaprylyl carbonate
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Helps products spread more easily and works as an emollient to soften skin
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18
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steareth-100
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19
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phenylethyl resorcinol
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Might help reduce hyperpigmentation in skin and help neutralize free radicals
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20
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capryloyl salicylic acid
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21
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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22
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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23
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dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone,crosspolymer
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Used to stabilize product formulations and create a nice product texture
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24
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ascorbyl glucoside
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A vitamin C derivative that is more stable but less potent than pure form of vitamin C. Has a potential to boost collagen production, nutralise free radicals and reduce hyperpigmentation, but the required concentration is likely to be much higher than for the pure form of vitamin C, limiting the ingredient's effectiveness in products
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25
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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26
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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27
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bisabolol
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An active component of chamomile plant that historically has been used to calm down irritated skin. A recent study shows that bisabolol indeed can have some anti-inflammatory effect on skin, even though conclusive data is lacking. Bisabolol has a sweet floral scent and can be added to products for its aromatic properties
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28
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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29
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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30
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fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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31
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sodium hydroxide
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Used to adjust the product's pH
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32
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,myristate acid,
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The ingredient is not recognized
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33
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farnesol
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Added to create a nice product smell. Can be irritating
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34
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benzyl salicylate
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A fragrance. Is a likely irritant
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35
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benzyl alcohol
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A preservative. Can be used to mask unpleasant smell. Can be irritating
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36
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coumarin
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A fragrance. Is a likely skin allergen and can be irritating
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37
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linalool
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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