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1
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avobenzone - 2.0 %
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Avobenzone. A broad spectrum sunscreen meaning that it can protect against both UVA rays. Currently, it is the only sunscreen ingredient available in the US (approved by the FDA) with the peak absorbance within the UVA I range. It loses its effectiveness quickly when exposed to sunlight. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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2
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octocrylene - 10.0 %
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A weak sunscreen that protects against the sun rays that cause sunburn (UVB) and is somewhat effective against the UVA rays. It is quite stable and can help stabilize other, more vulnerable, sunscreen ingredients like Avobenzone. It is an organic, or so called "chemical" sunscreen
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3
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oxybenzone - 6.0 %
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Same as oxybenzone. Protects in the UVB and short UVA range. In small concentrations, used to stabilize product formulation. Can be irritating. Is shown to be harmful to coral reefs - consider avoiding bathing in coral reef areas when wearing a product with this ingredient. It can penetrate the skin and get absorbed into bloodstream faster than other popular filters available in the US. The study that produced this finding did not address any potential health effects of the absorption
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4
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petrolatum
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One of the most effective and the most studied occlusive ingredients that creates a protective layer on top of the skin preventing moisture loss
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5
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polyethylene
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Used to thicken the product's texture
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6
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ethylhexyl palmitate
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An emollient that helps soften the skin and create a nice product texture
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7
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trimethylsiloxyphenyl dimethicone
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8
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microcrystalline wax
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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9
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isopropyl myristate
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An emollient that helps soften the skin. Could be comedogenic
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10
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theobroma cacao (cocoa) seed butter
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can be helpful in restoring the skin barrier function. Might have some anti-oxidant effect
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11
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peg-8
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Used to create a nice product consistency
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12
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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13
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flavor
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An unspecified blend of fragrant irritating ingredients
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14
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sodium saccharin
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15
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propylparaben
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A preservative
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16
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butylparaben
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A preservative
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17
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cocos nucifera (coconut) oil
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An emollient. Found to be as effective as a moisturizer for dry skin as mineral oil. Could be comedogenic
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18
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mineral oil
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One of the most effective and well studied occlusive and emollient moisturizing ingredients. Helps reduce moisture loss in skin and repair skin barrier function
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19
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aloe barbadensis leaf extract
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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20
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peg-8 dimethicone
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A type of silicone that can help create nice product texture and soften the upper layer of the skin
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21
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octyldodecanol
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An emollient that helps to soften the skin and create a pleasant product texture and stabilize the formulation
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22
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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23
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silica
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Used to absorb oil and can temporarily mattify skin
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24
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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25
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ascorbic acid
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One of the few well researched potent anti-aging ingredients. When it is able to penetrate the skin in an active state, it is effective against fine lines and wrinkles, helps improve skin elasticity and reduce hyperpigmentation. It acts as a powerful anti-oxidant and stimulates collagen production. The main issue with ascorbic acid is that it is highly unstable, in other words, it is losing its effectivenss quickly when exposed to air and light (if a serum or cream containing ascorbic acid has an orange color, it is a likely that the ingredient has oxidized and is no longer active). In addition, it is water-soluble, meaning that it has difficulty pentrating the skin. It is also quite irritating, and can cause stinging. When used in low concentrations, helps stabilize the product formulation
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26
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sodium propoxyhydroxypropyl thiosulfate silica
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Maria from WIMJ 
