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1
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allantoin
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Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated
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2
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aqua (water
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Plain old water
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3
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diglycerin
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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4
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ethylhexylglycerin
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A preservative
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5
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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6
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hydrolyzed wheat protein
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Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Avoid if sensitive to gluten
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7
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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8
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lysine
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An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles
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9
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mandelic acid
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Helps shed the upper layer of dead cells from the surface of the skin revealing smoother, brighter skin. It can help to reduce hyperpigmentation. It has anti-bacterial properties, and might help to reduce blemishes, as well as fine lines and wrinkles. It is considered to be gentler than glycolic acid
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10
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parfum (fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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11
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pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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12
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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13
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polysorbate 20
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Helps oil and water mix together
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14
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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15
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saccharomyces/copper ferment
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Yeast extract that contains copper. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help in skin wound healing
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16
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saccharomyces/iron ferment
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Yeast extract that contains iron. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing
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17
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saccharomyces/magnesium ferment
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Yeast extract that contains magnesium. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing
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18
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saccharomyces/silicon ferment
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Yeast extract that contains silicon. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing
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19
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saccharomyces/zinc ferment
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Yeast extract that contains zinc. Can help to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Evidence of effectiveness for other benefits is missing
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20
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sodium pca
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Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer
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21
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sorbitol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture
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22
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urea
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Naturally present in skin. Attracts water to the upper layer of the skin. Can enhance penetration of other ingredients. Is an exfoliating ingredient when used in high concentrations
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