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1
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aqua
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Plain old water
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2
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glyceryl stearate
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An emollient that softens the skin and forms a protective layer on its surface. Helps water and oil mix together
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3
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peg-100 stearate
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Helps oil and water mix togehter and creates a nice product texture
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4
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ppg-15 stearyl ether
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Help soften the upper layer of the skin and create a nice product consistency
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5
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c12-15 alkyl benzoate
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Enhances the product texture and makes it more spreadable. Helps reduce water loss from the outer layer of skin. Extands the shelf life by preventing bacteria growth
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6
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cetearyl alcohol
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A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture
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7
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propanediol
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Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin
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8
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dimethicone
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A silicone that helps to reduce water loss from the surface of the skin. Can temporarily "fill in" lines and wrinkles, absorb oil, and create a nice product finish
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9
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glycerin
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant
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10
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myristyl myristate
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An emollient. Is not recommended for acne-prone skin as it can be comedogenic
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11
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saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) extract
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Sugar extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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12
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acer saccharum (sugar maple) extract
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin
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13
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vaccinium myrtillus fruit extract
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A plant extract that might help neutralize free radicals in skin, but research on its efficacy in skin is lacking
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14
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citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) fruit extract
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A plant extract that is used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and lead to photosensitivity
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15
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citrus limon (lemon) fruit extract
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Used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and cause photosensitivity
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16
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ascorbyl palmitate
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Being a lipid soluble form of vitamin C, it is more stable and can penetrate the skin better than L-Ascorbic acid. It is effective in protecting the skin from free radicals, as well as evening the skin tone, but is less effective in stimulating collagen production compared to L-Ascorbic acid.
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17
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tocopherol
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Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself
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18
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retinyl palmitate
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Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect
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19
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tocopheryl acetate
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A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients.
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20
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glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract
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A plant extract that can help lighten the skin and calm down inflammation. Might be helpful in neutralizing free radicals
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21
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zingiber officinale (ginger) root extract
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A plant extract that can contain an irritating essential oil. Might have some anti-oxidant effect, but evidence is lacking
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22
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sodium hyaluronate
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One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin
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23
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panthenol
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Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function
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24
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prunus armeniaca (apricot) fruit extract
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A fruit extract that might have some antioxidant properties and might help attract water to the skin, but evidence of effectiveness is lacking
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25
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squalane
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An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling.
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26
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aloe barbadensis leaf juice powder
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Traditionally used to treat sunburns, dermatitis and inflammation, but evidence for its effectiveness is lacking. The extract can contain humectants that help attract water into the skin
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27
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hydrogenated ethylhexyl olivate
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28
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hydrogenated olive oil unsaponifiables
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Help soften the upper layer of the skin
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29
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caprylyl glycol
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Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture
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30
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jojoba esters
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An emollient made of jojoba oil. Helps soften the skin and support its barrier function
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31
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polysorbate 60
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Helps oil and water mix together
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32
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polyacrylamide
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Used to improve product texture and help oil and water mix together
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33
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bisabolol
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An active component of chamomile plant that historically has been used to calm down irritated skin. A recent study shows that bisabolol indeed can have some anti-inflammatory effect on skin, even though conclusive data is lacking. Bisabolol has a sweet floral scent and can be added to products for its aromatic properties
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34
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arachidyl alcohol
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Used to soften the upper layer of the skin and create a thicker product consistency
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35
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c13-14 isoparaffin
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Helps soften the upper layer of the skin, dissolve other ingredients and create a thicker product consistency
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36
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behenyl alcohol
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Non-drying alcohol that helps water and oil mix together. Also serves as an emollient
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37
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parfum (fragrance
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An aromatic blend of unspecified irritating ingredients
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38
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xanthan gum
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Used to create a thicker product consistency
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39
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sorbic acid
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A preservative
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40
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arachidyl glucoside
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Helps oil and water mix together
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41
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lactic acid
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An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom)
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42
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disodium edta
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Stabilizes the product formulation
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43
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laureth-7
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Helps oil and water mix together
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44
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bht
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A preservative
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45
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phenoxyethanol
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A preservative. It helps prevent bacterial growth in cosmetic products
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46
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benzyl alcohol
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A preservative. Can be used to mask unpleasant smell. Can be irritating
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47
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chlorphenesin
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A preservative
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48
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benzoic acid
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A preservative
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49
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potassium sorbate
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A preservative
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50
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sodium benzoate
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A preservative
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51
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citral
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A fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritant
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52
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limonene
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A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat
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53
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linalool
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A fragrance. Can be irritating
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