| 1 |
juices of pyrus malus (apple)*, citrus medica limonum (lemon juice)*, aloe barbadensis (aloe juice)*,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 2 |
decyl glucoside
| Helps oil and water mix together. Can be irritating |
| 3 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 4 |
xanthan gum
| Used to create a thicker product consistency |
| 5 |
sclerotium gum
| Used to create gel-like formulas and stabilize emulsions |
| 6 |
lysolecithin
| Lecithin derivative. It helps oil and water mix together and can enhance penetration of other ingredients. It helps soften the upper layer of the skin |
| 7 |
capryl hydroxamic acid
| A preservative |
| 8 |
sodium benzoate
| A preservative |
| 9 |
caprylyl glycol
| Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture |
| 10 |
pullulan
| Creates a thin drying film on the skin resulting in a short-term tightening effect |
| 11 |
sodium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the product's pH |
| 12 |
saccharum officinarum
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Might have a weak skin-lightening effect, but solid research is missing |
| 13 |
sugar cane extract
| Sugar extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 14 |
citrus nobilis peel oil
| A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that, especially when exposed to air, can cause allergic reactions and irritate the skin |
| 15 |
potassium sorbate
| A preservative |
| 16 |
salvia officinalis (sage leaf) extract
| |
| 17 |
melissa officinalis (lemon balm leaf) extract
| A plant extract that is added for its fragrance. Can be irritating |
| 18 |
taraxacum officinale (dandelion leaf) extract
| |
| 19 |
algae extract
| Plant extract that helps the skin to attract water and make it more smooth for touch. Also shows promise of anti-aging properties, but research is not extensive yet |
| 20 |
camellia sinensis (black tea leaf) extract
| Can contain potent anti-oxidant compounds and help protect the skin from free radicals. Can help calm down inflammation and has some anti-bacterial properties |
| 21 |
, citrus medica limonum (lemon) extract, pyrus malus (apple) extract,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 22 |
tocopherol (vitamin e
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
| 23 |
retinyl palmitate
| Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect |
| 24 |
vitamin a
| Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating |
| 25 |
tetrasodium glutamate diacetate
| Helps stabilize the product formulation |
| 26 |
citrus aurantium dulcis (sweet neroli) fruit extract
| A plant extract that is used as a fragrance. Can be irritating and lead to photosensitivity |
| 27 |
litsea cubeba (may chang) fruit oil
| An essential oil with a lemon-like smell that is extracted from a fruit grown in Asia. Used as a fragrance |
| 28 |
cinnamomum camphora (ho wood) leaf oil
| |
| 29 |
saccharum officinarum extract
| Sugar extract that helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 30 |
linalool
| A fragrance. Can be irritating |
| 31 |
citral
| A fragrance with a lemon scent. A likely irritant |
| 32 |
limonene
| A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat |
| 33 |
. * certified ingredient.
| The ingredient is not recognized |
