| 1 |
juices of aloe barbadensis (aloe juice)*, pyrus malus (apple juice)*,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 2 |
helianthus annuus (sunflower seed oil
| A great emollient due to its high linoleic acid content. One of the most effective plant oils in helping skin hydration and repairing skin barrier function |
| 3 |
vegetable glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 4 |
cetearyl alcohol
| A non-drying alcohol. Works as an emollient. Helps water and oil mix together and creates a nice product texture |
| 5 |
cetearyl glucoside
| Helps water and oil in the product mix well together and improves product texture |
| 6 |
, plant oils of
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 7 |
simmondsia chinensis (jojoba seed oil
| Softens the upper layer of skin and helps restore the healthy skin barrier. Has shown to help calm down inflammation in skin. It is a stable oil, meaning that it retains its properties even when exposed to air. |
| 8 |
)*, oenothera biennis (
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 9 |
evening primrose oil
| Helps soften the upper layer of the skin and can support skin barrier function |
| 10 |
)*, linum usitatissimum (linseed oil)*,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 11 |
borago officinalis
| A plant oil that is effective in reducing irritation in skin, restore the barrier function and support its hydration |
| 12 |
(borage seed oil)*, limnanthes alba (meadowfoam seed oil),
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 13 |
lysolecithin
| Lecithin derivative. It helps oil and water mix together and can enhance penetration of other ingredients. It helps soften the upper layer of the skin |
| 14 |
phenethyl alcohol
| A fragrance. Can be irritating |
| 15 |
sclerotium gum
| Used to create gel-like formulas and stabilize emulsions |
| 16 |
caprylyl glycol
| Helps preserve products and creates a nice product texture |
| 17 |
pullulan
| Creates a thin drying film on the skin resulting in a short-term tightening effect |
| 18 |
, extracts of cucumis sativus (cucumber extract), camellia sinensis (black tea leaf extract), phytonadione (vitamin k1),
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 19 |
retinyl palmitate
| Three steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. To have an effect in the skin, it first needs to be converted twice to become the retinoic acid. This means it is less potent than retinol, but could also be less irritating. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, it helps against all signs of aging, improves skin cell turnover and helps fight blemishes and clogged pores. However, in many cosmetic formulations, it is used in a concentration that is too low to have the full effect |
| 20 |
vitamin a
| Two steps removed from the active form of vitamin A - retinoic acid. Once converted to the retinoic acid in the skin, retinol is proven to be effective against all signs of aging. It improves skin cell turnover, helps fight blemishes and clogged pores, can regulate excess oil production and even skin tone. It can, however, be quite irritating |
| 21 |
magnesium ascorbyl phosphate
| A derivative of vitamin C that is more stable, but less bioavailable than the pure form of vitamin C. It does not penetrate the skin well, but has been shown to convert to pure vitamin C once in skin. It can be helpful in stimulating collagen production and lightening the skin tone, but the required concentration is likely to be very high |
| 22 |
tocopherol (vitamin e
| Pure form of vitamin E. Can help moisturise and protect the skin from free radicals. Often used to help stabilise other ingredients or the formula itself |
| 23 |
hesperidin methyl chalcone
| Might help neutralize free radicals in skin. Is claimed to be able to improve the appearance of undereye darkness but evidence is missing. Can be an allergen and cause irritation |
| 24 |
hesperidin
| |
| 25 |
ubiquinone (coq10
| Coenzyme Q10. It helps neutralize free radicals in skin, improves skin hydration and might be helpful agains fine lines and wrinkles. It can be an allergen |
| 26 |
thioctic acid
| |
| 27 |
(alpha lipoic acid), dimethylaminoethanol (dmae),
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 28 |
dipeptide-2
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 29 |
palmitoyl tetrapeptide-
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 30 |
3,
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 31 |
sodium levulinate
| A preservative |
| 32 |
sodium anisate
| Used as a fragrance |
| 33 |
sodium hydroxide
| Used to adjust the product's pH |
| 34 |
steareth-20
| Helps oil and water mix together |
| 35 |
, citrus aurantium dulcis (sweet neroli pure essential oil).
| The ingredient is not recognized |
