| 1 |
water
| Plain old water |
| 2 |
triethylhexanoin
| Helps soften the upper layer of the skin |
| 3 |
glycerin
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Naturally present in skin. It attracts water to the upper layer of the skin working as a humectant |
| 4 |
1,2-hexanediol
| A preservative |
| 5 |
propanediol
| Acts as a solvent for other ingredients. Speeds up the absorption of other ingredients into the skin |
| 6 |
niacinamide
| Is proven to be effective in reducing blemishes, evening out skin tone and helping to improve lines and wrinkles. It helps the skin to repair sun damage, calm down inflammation and keep maintain good levels of moisture |
| 7 |
cetyl ethylhexanoate
| An emollient that helps soften the skin and creates a thicker product texture |
| 8 |
butylene glycol
| Used to create a nice product texture and help delivery of other ingredients. Might be somewhat helpful in attracting water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 9 |
caprylic/capric triglyceride
| A good mix of fatty acids that forms a protective layer on the skin. Improves the shelf life of products. Derived from coconut and glycerin |
| 10 |
coco-caprylate/caprate
| Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin without creating a greasy texture |
| 11 |
polyglyceryl-10 laurate
| Helps water and oil mix together |
| 12 |
carbomer
| Helps create a gel-like product texture. Can be used in gentle cleansing formulations |
| 13 |
ethylhexylglycerin
| A preservative |
| 14 |
tromethamine
| Helps adjust pH in products |
| 15 |
adenosine
| Might help improve cell turnover and reduce inflammation in skin. One study shows that the ingredients might be able to stimulate collagen production in skin |
| 16 |
xanthan gum
| Used to create a thicker product consistency |
| 17 |
coptis japonica extract
| |
| 18 |
betaine
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and improves the product texture |
| 19 |
allantoin
| Helps calm down inflammation in skin and can help reduce itching. Helps to repair the skin barrier and keep skin hydrated |
| 20 |
trehalose
| A sugar that attracts water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 21 |
panthenol
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help improve skin barrier function |
| 22 |
dextrin
| A sugar that is used to stabilize the product formulation. Can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 23 |
lavandula angustifolia (lavender) oil
| An essential oil. Potential allergen and can be irritating. It has some anti-bacterial properties |
| 24 |
citrus aurantium bergamia (bergamot) fruit oil
| A plant oil with a high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin and lead to allergic reactions. Can lead to photosensitivity |
| 25 |
citrus aurantium dulcis (orange) peel oil
| An essentil oil from orange peel. Potential allergen and can be irritating |
| 26 |
aniba rosaeodora (rosewood) wood oil
| |
| 27 |
theobroma cacao (cocoa) extract
| |
| 28 |
rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf oil
| A plant oil with high content of volatile compounds that can irritate the skin. Can be used as a fragrance. Has anti-bacterial properties and might help neutralize free radicals on the surface of the skin |
| 29 |
eucalyptus globulus leaf oil
| An essential oil that can be very irritating. Has some anti-bacterial properties |
| 30 |
lactobacillus ferment lysate
| A "broth" with parts of dead cells of lactobacteria. Might be helpful supporting diverse microbiome in skin, but evidence is lacking |
| 31 |
isopentyldiol
| Helps dissolve other ingredients in a formulation |
| 32 |
hydrolyzed collagen
| A typically plant-derived compound that is supposed mimic human collagen. Cannot penetrate the skin barrier so is not particularly useful in skincare products beyond attracting water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 33 |
squalane
| An oil naturally present in skin. Works as an emollient to soften the skin and form a protective layer on its surface without a greasy feeling. |
| 34 |
lactic acid
| An exfoliating and moisturizing alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Typically causes less irritation than other AHAs, for example, glycolic acid. At high concentrations (about 15%), lactic acid can help reduce lines and wrinkles. Recent studies show that lactic acid can support the "good" bacteria living on skin's surface (healthy skin microbiom) |
| 35 |
polydecene
| |
| 36 |
sodium pca
| Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer |
| 37 |
sodium lactate
| Helps attract water to the upper layer of the skin. Is often used to adjust the pH level of the product |
| 38 |
arginine
| An amino acid that is naturally present in skin and helps keep it hydrated. When used together with AHAs, it can reduce their irritating effect on the skin |
| 39 |
olea europaea (olive) fruit oil
| An emollient that helps soften the skin but is not effective for restoring its barrier function. Might be helpful to calm down inflammation |
| 40 |
aspartic acid
| An amino-acid that helps increase skin hydration and might help to slightly improve skin firmness, potentially reducing lines and wrinkles |
| 41 |
adansonia digitata seed oil
| |
| 42 |
pca
| Naturally present in skin and helps to attract water to its upper layer |
| 43 |
ceramide 3
| A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin |
| 44 |
hydrogenated lecithin
| Helps to retain moisture by creating a protective barrier on the skin. Rich in fatty acids. Improves product texture and helps with the penetration of other ingredients. |
| 45 |
acacia senegal gum
| Helps mask the small of other ingredients and improve the product texture |
| 46 |
phospholipids
| Emollients that are naturaly present in skin. In addition, they help water and oil mix together in the product |
| 47 |
agar
| Polysaccharide derived from seaweed. Used to create a thicker product consistency and might help attract water to the upper layer of the skin |
| 48 |
glycine
| Helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and can help restore the skin barrier function |
| 49 |
alanine
| An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin and might help to lighten the skin, but solid evidence is lacking |
| 50 |
royal jelly extract
| A compound secreted by bees. Might be able to attract water to the top layer of the skin. Avoid if sensitive to honey and bee products |
| 51 |
propolis extract
| A complex substance produced by honey bees. Can have anti-bacterial and some anti-oxidant effect. Is an allergen and can be irritating |
| 52 |
artemisia capillaris extract
| |
| 53 |
serine
| An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles |
| 54 |
valine
| |
| 55 |
guaiazulene
| |
| 56 |
cholesterol
| An emollient that is naturally found in skin |
| 57 |
isoleucine
| An amino acid that can help attract water to the upper layer of the skin and support skin's barrier function |
| 58 |
threonine
| An amino-acid that helps to attract water to the upper layer of the skin. In combination with other amino-acids, might help to reduce fine lines and wrinkles |
| 59 |
proline
| |
| 60 |
tocopheryl acetate
| A more stable but less bio-available form of vitamin E compared to Tocopherol. Might help moisturize and protect the skin from free radicals, but mostly used in low concentrations to stabilize other ingredients. |
| 61 |
phenylalanine
| |
| 62 |
histidine
| |
| 63 |
ceramide 2
| A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin |
| 64 |
ceramide 4
| |
| 65 |
bifida ferment lysate
| Consists of remains of dead yeast bacteria cells. Helps to hydrate the skin and reduce irritation. Might has some anti-oxidant effect |
| 66 |
(0.98ppb),
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 67 |
hyaluronic acid
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. Naturally present in skin. Typically has large molecule size unless advertised otherwise on the product label. Helps support skin's barrier function and may help to reduce inflammation |
| 68 |
ceramide 1
| A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin |
| 69 |
ceramide 6 ii
| A type of lipid similar to ceramides naturally present in skin. Helps to soften the upper layer of the skin and supports the skin barrier function to keep it hydrated. Can help to prevent inflammation in skin |
| 70 |
streptococcus thermophilus ferment
| |
| 71 |
(0.28ppb),
| The ingredient is not recognized |
| 72 |
phytosterols
| Lipids that work as an emollient and can be helpful in repairing skin barrier function |
| 73 |
hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin. A version of it is naturally present in skin |
| 74 |
sodium hyaluronate
| One of the best moisturizing ingredients. Attracts water into the upper layer of the skin |
| 75 |
copper tripeptide-1
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles. Can help speed up wound healing |
| 76 |
acetyl hexapeptide-8
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 77 |
tripeptide-1
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 78 |
palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 79 |
palmitoyl tripeptide-1
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 80 |
palmitoyl pentapeptide-4
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 81 |
hexapeptide-9
| A type of peptide. Peptides are excellent moisturizers and might be able support collagen production reducing fine lines and wrinkles |
| 82 |
tripeptide-2
| |
| 83 |
nonapeptide-1
| |
| 84 |
hexapeptide-11
| |
| 85 |
limonene
| A common frangrance that can easily irritate skin, especially if exposed to air, light or heat |
| 86 |
linalool
| A fragrance. Can be irritating |
